Supporters of NAFTA and free trade would contend that such agreements

stimulate democratic reform and open markets in areas in need of improvement

hamper democratic reforms and open markets in areas that are already strong.

limit the growth of an economy and prevents inflation.

increase government control of a nation's economy

In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed MAINLY because

years of economic stagnation left it far behind Western and Asian countries.

the United States was a better country and capitalism ruled the world

a civil war erupted in the southern republics.

key Soviet leaders were assassinated

What was Ronald Reagan's economic plan in the 1980s in regard to taxes and military spending?

Ronald Reagan implemented a supply side economics to decrease taxes while increasing military spending

Ronald Reagan devoted his economic plan to balancing the budget by decreasing taxes and military spending.

Ronald Reagan focused on increasing taxes in order to increase military spending during the Cold War.

Ronald Reagan's policy favored cutting military spending to provide tax breaks to the middle class.

Which of these BEST describes the significance of the Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade (1973)?

states could not place restrictions on abortions in the first three months of pregnancy

no state could place restrictions on abortions

the Federal government instituted a waiting period for women wanting abortions

Measures that ensure equal opportunities for women in employment are called

full employment and balanced growth.

The most damaging evidence against President Nixon in the Watergate impeachment proceedings was the

discovery of audio tapes of conversations connecting him in attempts to cover up details of the Watergate break-in.

John Dean's testimony revealing Nixon's personal involvement

Nixon's detailed record of orders to "punish" his enemies.

refusal of the President to take the witness stand in his own defense during the impeachment proceedings in the U.S. Senate.

Which of these statements is true about the "Iran-Contra" affair?

Money from the exchange was used in covert operations in Nicaragua

Lt. Col. Oliver North was sentenced to sixteen years in prison for lying to Congress

Impeachment proceedings on President Reagan began in 1986

it was a major factor in Jimmy Carter's loss to Ronald Reagan in the 1980 presidential election.

This graph would MOST LIKELY be used by one who

supports the North American Free Trade Agreement.

opposes the end to minimum wage laws.

opposes stopping illegal immigration

support the passage of import duties on manufactured goods.

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision made it illegal to achieve diversity through the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Swann v. Board of Education of Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina (1971)

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

Osama bin Laden was BEST known for

founding an Islamic extremist terrorist group.

running the largest dictatorship in the Middle East.

organizing the Taliban to resist Soviet occupation

invading oil-rich Kuwait in the 1990s

Which of these statements BEST describes a result of the "Iran-Contra Affair"?

A Congressional investigation determined the process was illegal

The hostages held at the American embassy in Tehran were freed.

Money from the exchange was used in covert operations in the Soviet Union.

It resulted in impeachment proceedings against the President.

Which of these statements BEST describes the U.S. economy during the 1980s and early 1990s?

There was a widening income gap between the rich and poor.

American businesses exported far more than they imported

Dependence on foreign oil led to record high gas prices.

High military spending resulted in shortages for consumers

Unit 15: 1980s to Present

THE BATTLE OF THE PHILIPPINE SEA Occured in the Philippine Sea and Marinas The battle engaged the bulk of thepagan American forces, and prevented the Japanese from reinforcing, their fleet in the •Marianas. •A month after, the Japanese LOST THEIR 4 best aircraft carriers in the Battle of Midway, an island northwest of Pearl "Harbor. 1. The Batle of the Philipine Sea lasted just one day June 19- June 20 1944 3. is also called the "Marianas Turkey Shoot” The Battle of the Coral Sea The Coral Sea is Between New Guinea and Australia The Japanese Were Trying to Attack Australia! The U.S. Navy and the Japanese Navy Fought! Nobody Won! U.S. Was Able to STOP the Attack on Australia! (Victory!) The American fleet defeated the Japanese. American planes bombarded Japanese installation in Manila from the air. Air strikes were also carried out in the Visayas. Battle of Okinawa: Battle Details The attack on Okinawa took heavy toll on both sides of the fighting... The Americans lost 7,373 men killed and 32,056 wounded on land. At sea, the Americans lost 5,000 killed and 4,600 wounded. The Japanese lost 107,000 killed and 7,400 men taken prisoner. The Japanese may have lost another 20,000 dead as a result of American tactics whereby Japanese troops were incinerated where they fought. The Americans also lost 36 ships. 368 ships were also damaged. 763 aircraft were destroyed. The Japanese lost 16 ships sunk and over 4,000 aircraft were lost. battle facts -the japanese launched fierce kamikaze attacks l-arge amouunts of civillian deaths -japanese soldiers using civilians as human shields Americans ended with more triumphs in the battles like in: General MacArthur and the Allies next turned to the Island of Iwo Jima The island was critical to the Allies as a base for an attack on Japan It was called the most heavily defended spot on earth Allied and Japanese forces suffered heavy casualties IWO JIMA American soldiers plant the flag ol the Island of Iwo Jima after their victory Battle of Leyte Gulf "Second Battle of the Philippine Sea". Time: October 23 - 26, 1944 during WW. Location: Leyte Gulf in Philippines (East coast), Philippine islands of Leyte, Samar, and Luzon. Largest naval battle in WWII. Leyte was secured and was liberated from the hands of the Japanese Americans decided to launch their attack in Leyte since the weak side of the Japanese fleet was in Visayas. Heavy bombing at the Leyte beaches cleared the way for the landing in Palo, Leyte. Leading the American troops were General Douglas MacArthur and President Osmeña, who took over after the death of President Quezon in Saranak Lake in New York. the battle for the liberation of manila The commonwealth government capital was transferred from tacloban to Manila. Manila once again became the seat of the national leadership. ON july 4, 1945, general macarthur announced the total liberation of the Philippines • The Commonwealth government capital was transferred from Tacloban to Manila. Manila once again became the seat of the national leadership. On July 4, 1945, General MacArthur announced the total liberation of the Philippines. Americans surprised the Japanese with the landing of troops in Lingayen Gulf in Pangasinan. • The Filipino guerillas had already cleared the area and neutralized many of the Japanese forces. The first target was the UST, which was used by the Japanese as a camp for civilian prisoners of war, and they were able to free them. • More than 1000 POWs from Bataan and Corregidor were also freed from the Bilibid Prisons. • The battle of Manila was recorded as the fiercest urban fighting in the entire Pacific War. WATERLOO DAILY COURIER-NEWSPAPER “PEACE! WAR ENDS; JAPANESE ACCEPT ALLIED TERMS. ON EMPEROR" On August 6, due to persistent refusal of Japan to yield, another atomic bomb was dropped in the shipbuilding city of Nagasaki. On August 15, V-J Day (Victory in Japan), Emperor Hirohito finally admitted defeat and on September 3, 1945 the document of surrender was signed on board of the U.S. battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay. With the liberation of the Philippines, the Americar troops moved on to finally end the war in Asia. The Japanese cities of Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Kure were bombed. In July 26, the allies demanded surrender but the Japanese continued to hold on to their belief that surrender is a dishonor. Atomic bomb was dropped on the populous city of Hiroshima, 60% of the city was destroyed. It was estimated that there were more than 80 000 people died on the spot and more than 37 000 suffered severe injuries. Today, the HIROSHIMA SHRINE serves as a reminder of th horrors of war and the need to preserve PEACE in the world. THE POSTWAR PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH-• Philippine Commonwealth resumed. Osmeña was confronted with a war - ravaged country with no financial resources for PROBLEMS • Poverty • Destruction of Properties • Unemployment • Price Increase • Hoarding • Graft and Corruption HINDRANCES -Rehabilitation of INDUSTRIES COULD NOT BE DONE BECAUSE OF LACK OF FUND -RAILWAYS WERE DESTROYED THAT LED TO SLOW PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION SOLUTION -PCAU (Philippine Civil Affairs Unit) was established by MacArthur to provide emergency relief in areas liberated by the Americans. - It organized food distribution centers. CHALLENGES TO INDEPENDENCE • On April 30, 1946, the Philippine the US President. BIASED AGREEMENTS: Rehabilitation or the Tydings Act of 1946, passed by the US Congress, was approved by Commission • This Act created the US Philippine War Damage The Act also provided for the transfer of $100,000,000 surplus property of the United States to the Philippines. The Philippine Armed Forces received large quantities of valuable military equipment and supplies. BIASED AGREEMENTS: • The United States Congress offered $800 million for post World War Il rebuilding funds if the Bell Trade Act was ratified by the Philippine Congress Parity rights granting U.S. citizens and corporations rights to Philippine natural resources equal to (in parity with) those of Philippine citizens The Philippines used to celebrate its Independence Day on July 4, and not June 12, by virtue of the Truman Proclamation in 1946. In the early 1960s, however, the Philippine Historical Association lobbied to bring back June 12 as our Independence Day. In 1962, President Diosdado Macapagal issued a proclamation to make the change official. DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE • On July 4, 1946, the Americans granted independence to the Philippines.

Unit 15

Unit 15: Reconstruction

Unit 15 Thursday/Friday April 16-17 Due 4-19

Unit 15- Lvl 2

Unit 15 Vocab

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