Which of these situations involves a decrease in chemical potential energy and an increase in kinetic energy?

A battery-powered toy car accelerates from rest.

A race car is refueled at a pit stop.

A phone’s battery is being recharged.

A marble is released at the top of a ramp and accelerates toward the bottom.

Which is an example of the transfer of energy by a longitudinal wave?

A door slams, and someone in the next room hears the sound.

A guitar string vibrates after being plucked.

A large ocean wave knocks a person down.

S-waves cause the ground to move up and down during an earthquake.

A student tested three different brands of D-cell batteries using portable fans. The student placed a new battery in three identical fans to see how long each battery would last. The student’s results are recorded in the table below. Which of the following statements is true about the energy of the battery-and-fan systems?

The Brand 1 system had the greatest chemical potential energy at the beginning of the test.

Each system had the same chemical potential energy at the beginning of the test.

During the test, both the kinetic energy and the chemical potential energy of the system were increasing.

The Brand 2 system had the greatest chemical potential energy at the beginning of the test.

A student makes a model airplane. Its propellor is connected to a rubber band. The student twists the rubber band many times. When the plane is launched, the rubber band unwinds, the propellor turns, and the plane flies. Which statement best describes the energy of the system as the rubber band unwinds?

Elastic potential energy is transforming into kinetic energy.

Gravitational potential energy is transforming into elastic potential energy.

Chemical potential energy is transforming into kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy is transforming into elastic potential energy.

A hydroelectric power plant is located at the base of a dam. In the power plant, water flowing downhill spins turbines, causing a generator to produce electrical energy. Which best summarizes how the water’s energy is used?

The gravitational potential energy of the water is converted to kinetic energy.

The kinetic energy of the water is converted to gravitational potential energy.

The electric potential energy of the water is converted to kinetic energy.

The chemical potential energy of the water is converted to kinetic energy.

Which statement does NOT apply to transverse waves?

They travel in the same direction as the disturbance.

Their energy is related to their amplitude.

They transfer energy from one place to another.

They are created by a vibrating source.

Fill in the blank: In a wood biomass power plant, wood waste is burned. The resulting thermal energy heats water, producing steam. The steam causes turbines to spin. The spinning turbines run an electric generator. In this type of power plant, the _________________________ potential energy of the wood biomass is transferred to the water as thermal energy. This energy is transferred from the steam to the turbines as _____________________energy.

gravitational; chemical potential

Which is an example of energy being transferred by a wave?

Energy from a vibrating drumhead is transferred to the ear of a listener.

To make it move, a rider transfers energy to a bicycle by pedaling.

A child transfers energy to a pinwheel by blowing on it.

An electric current in a copper wire transfers energy to a toaster.

Why must there be many more producers than top consumers in a food web?

Producers are supporting all of the consumers in a food web.

Top consumers are too large for many of them to be supported in a food web.

Producers have faster reproduction times than consumers do.

Some kinetic energy is transferred to potential energy at each step in a food web.

Which is an example of energy being transferred by a longitudinal wave?

Two students hold a spring at either end, and one student pushes and pulls the spring back and forth.

A child shakes the free end of a skipping rope that is tied to a tree.

Two students hold a spring at either end, and one student shakes the end of the spring up and down.

A pebble falls in water and ripples travel along the surface.

When two bumper cars collide, how does the total energy of the two cars compare to the energy of the bumper cars before the collision?

During the collision the total energy will be equal to the bumper cars’ combined energy before the collision.

During the collision the total energy will depend on the individual car’s speeds before the collision.

During the collision the total energy will be half of the bumper cars’ combined energy before the collision.

During the collision the total energy will be twice the combined energy of the bumper cars’ combined energy before the collision.

This diagram represents a roller coaster. Which statement correctly describes the cart’s kinetic and gravitational potential energy?

The gravitational potential energy is greater at point U than at point V.

The kinetic and gravitational potential energy are increasing at point T.

The kinetic energy is greater at point T than at point S.

The gravitational potential energy is equal at points Q and U.

Fill in the blank: Sound is one kind of _____________________ wave. Sound is created when a source such as a guitar string or vocal cords _______________________ , transferring energy to particles such as air particles. The air particles collide with other air particles. These collisions create a wave that moves away from the source. The wave is made up of lower-pressure areas called rarefactions and higher-pressure areas called _________________________.

longitudinal; vibrates; compression

longitudinal; compression; sound

Unit 5 Conservation of Energy

Unit 5

unit : 5

110.31.b.17.C

Topic: Reading/Vocabulary Development

STAAR English II High School 2014 - Past Paper

110.31.b.1.B

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