Crops grown in large amounts to be sold for profit

Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain

self-reliance and freedom from another government or country

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won

land bridge that connected Asia and North America

to survive in different area, native peoples had to do this

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

whereever Europeans settled in the Americans, this killed many Native Americans

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

The first elected lawmaking body in North America, established by the Virginia Company to allow representative government in Virginia.

The two Native Americans that helped the Pilgrims survive and brought peace with the Wampanoag people

A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good

First constitution in written history (1639). Established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature.

James Oglethorpe established the colony of Georgia as a place where these poor people could start over

90% of colonists earned a living doing this

they dominated Southern society, controlling economic and political life

important industry in New England

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. as a way to raise money to pay for the French and Indian War

reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament

American colonists calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Native Americans, boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor.

First battle in the Revolutionary War, (AKA "shot heard round the world") fought in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775.

The most significant Northern battle of the Revolutionary War. The Americans captured a large number of British troops in a surprise victory, which improved American morale and won them the official support of France.

On Christmas night, 1776, Washington led 2,400 men across the Delaware River to attack the drunken Hessians who were sleeping. The Americans killed 30 of the enemy and took 918 captives and 6 Hessian cannons.

Last major battle of the American Revolution. General Cornwallis was surrounded and had to surrender to George Washington.

Commander of the Continental Army and first president

The fundamental document establishing the US as an independent nation, adopted on July 4, 1776. It declared the 13 colonies independent from Britain, offered reasons for the separation laid out the principles for which the Revolution was fought

"Give me liberty or give me death"

Who is Patrick Henry?

Author of the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River