one of the first two political parties in the US; supported rule by the people; strong state government, economy based on agriculture; strict interpretation of the Constitution, French alliance and were opposed to the National Bank; leaders were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

one of the first two political parties in the US; supported rule by the wealthy; strong federal government; economy based on manufacturing; loose interpretation of the Constitution, British alliance and supported the National Bank; leaders were Alexander Hamilton and John Adams

2nd POTUS; Federalists; served only one term; dealt with the XYZ Affair; approved the Alien and Sedition Acts and eventually made peace with France

Incident in which French agents demanded a bribe U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French would no longer attack American ships; led Congress to cancel all treaties with France and prepare for war (eventually settled without war)

A series of laws passed during John Adams administration that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies; Alien Acts targeted French immigrants who sided with Democratic Republicans and the Sedition Acts made it illegal to criticize the government and its policies (violation of 1st amendment)

Adams, Jefferson, and Burr: Adams lost, Jefferson and Burr tied, Hamilton convinced other Federalists to vote for Jefferson to break the tie

3rd POTUS; Democratic-Republican; took steps to reduce the size and power of the federal government including reducing size of military and reducing number of federal employees

judges appointed to Supreme Court by Adams in the last days of his presidency to retain Federalist power in the Judicial Branch; John Marshall among those appointed

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams; under his leadership the court established the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power

This case established the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Year the Louisiana Purchase was acquired by the US

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France; Jefferson hesitated before agreeing to purchase the land for $15 million because it was not a power granted in the Constitution but eventually agreed to the deal which doubled the size of the US.

Emperor of France who sold the Louisiana Territory to the US in order to finance his wars

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition traveled up the Missouri River, across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps (geographic info) of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries.

documented most of the plant and animal scientific discoveries while exploring the Louisiana Purchase

A skilled mapmaker and outdoors man chosen to explore the Louisiana Territory; created accurate maps of the region

She accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition and made important contributions to their success: she helped guide the expedition through unfamiliar territory and she helped translate when the expedition encountered Indian tribes.

Lewis and Clark traveled on the river until they found its source in the Rocky Mountains

Lewis and Clark eventually reached this ocean

Lewis and Clark crossed this mountain range first; they would also have to cross the Cascade Range before reaching the west coast

way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take

a statement in the U.S. Constitution granting Congress the power to pass all laws" necessary and proper" for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

Tied with Thomas Jefferson in the Electoral College in the Election of 1800; became VP when House of Representatives named Jefferson POTUS. He was a bitter opponent of Alexander Hamilton, whom he later killed in a duel.

Jefferson and Madison wrote these protests in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts which they felt violated individual rights; they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

theory supported by Jefferson and Madison; the belief that states have the right to limit the power of the federal government and nullify federal laws the state considers unconstitutional

important port city at mouth of Mississippi River; Jefferson offered to buy it after it was closed to US but Napoleon offered to sell US all of Louisiana Territory instead

to repeal, cancel, render void

Jefferson's plan to use trade as a weapon against France and Britain; cut off US trade with rest of the world; terrible results on the American economy - farmers, shippers, merchants lost lots of money!