established the settlement of Vineland in North America

these sailors landed in North America centuries before Columbus did

King of Portugal who established a school of navigation and financed trips of exploration

trade with Asia, spread Christianity, learn about Asia & its culture

astrolabe, compass, caravel, printing press, triangular sail, stern rudder

ships that used triangular sails and had rudders to improve steering

a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship's location by charting the position of the stars

first explorer to sail around the southern tip of Africa

the explorer that discovered an eastern sea route to Asia

country that agreed to fund Columbus' voyage

boundary between Spanish and Portuguese territories in the New World

a treaty between Spain and Portugal that moved the Line of Demarcation

First to circumnavigate the world

to travel all the way around

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

a Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain

Spanish conquistador, he conquered Mexico and brought about the fall of the Aztec Empire.

Emperor of Mexico's Aztec Empire

conquered the Inca Empire

searched for the Fountain of Youth

a system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor

a large farm that usually specialized in growing one kind of crop for profit

able to conquer Native peoples because of weapons, horses, diseases

a religious movement begun by Martin Luther and others in 1517 to reform the Catholic Church

protested against the Catholic Church

reformers who protested certain practices of the Catholic Church

fleet that was launched to invade England and overthrow Queen Elizabeth

a nonexistent path through North America that early explorers searched for that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

who the Dutch hired to find the Northwest Passage

document giving permission to start a colony

colony started by Sir Walter Raleigh

voyage was used by England as their claim to North America

the main Dutch settlement in North America that was founded on the tip of Manhattan Island

sailed down the Mississippi River to its mouth

word carved into a post at the Roanoke colony

helped Marco Polo's Travels to be read by many people

founded Quebec

region claimed by France and named to honor King Louis XIV

Henry Hudson

followed de Gama's route but got so off course that he reached Brazil; claimed it for the king

crossed Central America to discover the Pacific Ocean

convinced that he could reach Asia by sailing westward across the Atlantic Ocean

armor, better weapons, horses, European diseases, alliances with other tribes