Britain v. France, Britain wins, ended by Treaty of Paris 1763, left British in debt, resulted in taxation of the colonies.

British attempt to keep colonists from moving into American Indian territory. Made colonists unhappy and most of them ignored it.

Tax on newspaper, documents, and playing cards. Sons of Liberty hated it.

Founded by Sam Adams, participated in Boston Tea Party as well as committees of correspondence.

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine, pushed colonists into attitude demanding independence. Before this, colonists just wanted King and Parliament to listen and respect their rights.

Ended the American Revolution

Ended the French and Indian War

British Cornwallis led the Redcoats on to a peninsula, and surrendered after being trapped by French navy at sea and Continental forces led by Washington and Cornwallis on land.

Occurred after crossing the Delaware River and Continental troops surprised Hessians fighting for the British. First major victory, gave Continental army hope.

Cold winter camp 1777-1778 where Washington suffered alongside his men, writing letters to the Continental Congress to get supplies.

Continental victory that convinced the French to ally with the colonies (Ben Franklin and John Adams helped too)

French aristocrat who helped Washington train his army

Prussian military commander who taught Continental troops the basis of military strategy

5 Colonists died and the committees of correspondence spread the story to win supporters to the Patriot cause.

someone who supported British rule over the colonies

someone who supported independence for the colonies.

Closed Boston Harbor, Forced colonists to quarter soldiers, and declared martial law. Revenge for the Boston Tea Party

What the colonists called the Coercive Acts

Colonial women who boycotted British goods.

4 part document: Explain that the world deserves to understand the war, Describes ideal Enlightened government, lists complaints about King George III, and officially declares independence

Worked with Committee of 5 to write the Declaration

"Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness" directly borrowed from his description of natural rights (Life, liberty, and property)

King during the American Revolution

wrote to each other in far away colonies to spread news of how the British government was mistreating colonists

First American government; too weak because it couldn't collect taxes

revealed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation- showed that US needed a stronger national government

made a plan for surveying new territory and guidelines for how to set up a township, as well as how to sell land

made a plan for how territories could become states. Also: declared slavery illegal in new states!

idea that the number of representatives a state would have in Congress should be determined by how big or small that state's population was; now the House of Representatives

All states, no matter how large or small the population, should have the same number of votes; now the US Senate

the agreement to use both the VA plan and the NJ plan; also called the Connecticut plan

bicameral means

agreement to count a percentage of slaves toward population when determining representation

government power is split- states have some power but national government has most power

essays by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton to explain how the Constitution would work

3 separate branches of government perform three difference roles within the government

each branch of government can stop or undo the other branches to prevent any branch from having too much power.

Added to convince Anti-Federalists to ratify the Constitution; intended to protect individuals from the government

Usually from cities, businessmen, who wanted a strong government to regulate trade. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison are supporters

Usually from the country, farmers, who don't want a strong government mainly because they don't want to pay taxes. Thomas Jefferson is the best known.

Father of the Constitution

statement in the Constitution that says Congress can do whatever is needed

statement in the Constitution that declares the Constitution the "Supreme Law of the Land"