Question 1

Protestant Scottish settlers who migrated from British-controlled northern Ireland to the American

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Scots-Irish

Question 2

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colonies in the 1700s.

Question 3

17th century philosophical movement in Europe that emphasized reason and individualism rather

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The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)

Question 4

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than tradition and faith.

Question 5

Imperial war between Britain and France for control of North America (beginning in 1754) that

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French and Indian War, 1754-1763 (aka The Seven Years' War, 1756-1763)

Question 6

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became a larger-scale European war in 1756. American Indians generally supported the French

Question 7

Ended the French and Indian War, Britain gained possession of all of French Canada and Spanish Florida.

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Treaty of Paris, 1763

Question 8

Unsuccessful Indian rebellion led by an Ottawa chief named Pontiac against British Indian policy

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Pontiac's Rebellion, 1763

Question 9

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in the Northwest Territory.

Question 10

Britain established a boundary in the Appalachian Mountains, banning colonists from settling west

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Proclamation Line of 1763

Question 11

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of the boundary. Designed to prevent conflict with Indians.

Question 12

Frontiersman of Scots-Irish origin in Paxton, Pennsylvania , who massacred Conestoga Indians

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The Paxton Boys, 1764

Question 13

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and then marched on Philadelphia demanding the colonial government provide better defense

Question 14

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against Indians. The government responded with an official bounty for Indian scalps.

Question 15

British law that taxed sugar and other colonial imports to pay for some of Britain's expenses in

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Sugar Act, 1764

Question 16

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protecting the colonies during the French and Indian War.

Question 17

British law that established a direct tax in the colonies on written documents, including

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Stamp Act, 1765

Question 18

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newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards. The tax was designed to raise revenue for the

Question 19

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British empire. Protests against the Stamp Act led to its repeal in 1766.

Question 20

Secret organization formed in Boston in 1765 to oppose the Stamp Act. Best known for the

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Sons of Liberty

Question 21

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Boston Tea Party in 1773.

Question 22

The British Parliament asserted they had "the sole and exclusive right" to tax the colonists,

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Declaratory Act, 1766

Question 23

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rejecting the colonial argument that taxation should rest in the hands of colonial assemblies.

Question 24

Import taxes for the colonists on products made in Britain. Recognizing the colonists had been

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Townshend Acts, 1767

Question 25

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pushed too far, Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts in 1770, except for the tax on tea.

Question 26

Dickinson was landowner and lawyer who published his "Letters" to argue that taxation without

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John Dickinson, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer, 1767

Question 27

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representation violated the colonists' rights as English citizens.

Question 28

British troops killed five colonists by firing on a mob of people who had been taunting them and throwing stones

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Boston Massacre, 1770

Question 29

As a protest against a British monopoly on tea, colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded three British ships and dumped a shipments of tea into Boston harbor.

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Boston Tea Party, 1773

Question 30

Delegates from every colony except Georgia met in Philadelphia and asserted their rights as Englishmen

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First Continental Congress, 1774

Question 31

Battle between British soldiers and American "Minutemen" outside Boston that began the American Revolution

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Battle of Lexington and Concord, 1775

Question 32

Delegates from the thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia to create a Continental army and prepare the colonies for war against Britain.

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Second Continental Congress, 1775

Question 33

British philosopher of the late 17th century whose ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence and the creation of the United States. He argued that sovereignty resides in the people, who have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

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John Locke

Question 34

Free people govern themselves without a king through elected representatives of the people

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republican form of government

Question 35

Common Sense was pamphlet that attacked the British monarchy, calling for American independence from Britain.

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Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

Question 36

A formal statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress declaring the American colonies independent

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Declaration of Independence, 1776

Question 37

Battle that marked the turning point of the American Revolution, convincing France to aid the

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Battle of Saratoga, 1777

Question 38

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American cause.

Question 39

Alliance between the Americans and French in war against Britain. France recognized U.S.

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Treaty of Alliance, 1778

Question 40

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independence from Britain. (Note: This was the first and only treaty of alliance made by the U.S.

Question 41

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until NATO was created in 1949.)

Question 42

The British army surrendered to General George Washington and the Continental Army, virtually

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Battle of Yorktown, 1781

Question 43

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bringing the American Revolution to an end.

Question 44

Treaty that ended the American Revolution, securing American independence from Britain.

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Treaty of Paris, 1783

Question 45

A league of five (later six) Iroquois nations that was a powerful force influencing French, Dutch,

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Iroquois Confederation

Question 46

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and British policy in the northeastern colonies for over 200 years.

Question 47

First constitution of the United States. Created a national government with limited powers.

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Articles of Confederation, 1781-1789

Question 48

Rebellion of debtor farmers in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays. After the rebellion was

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Shays' Rebellion, 1786-1787

Question 49

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crushed by the Massachusetts state militia, many prominent American leaders called for a

Question 50

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strengthening of the national government to prevent such rebellions in the future.

Question 51

The convention to write a new constitution for the United States met from May through

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Constitutional Convention, 1787

Question 52

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September in 1787.

Question 53

Compromise at the Constitutional Convention by which Congress would have two houses — the

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Great Compromise

Question 54

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Senate (where each state would get the equal representation of two senators) and the House of

Question 55

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Representatives (where representation would be based on population).

Question 56

85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of the

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Federalist Papers, 1787-1788

Question 57

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ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Question 58

Law establishing the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts. President Washington

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Judiciary Act of 1789

Question 59

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appointed John Jay as the first chief justice of the United States

Question 60

During the ratification process for the U.S. Constitution, demands for greater guarantees of rights

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Bill of Rights, 1791

Question 61

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resulted in a promise for the addition of a Bill of Rights to the new Constitution. A Bill of Rights

Question 62

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was added to the Constitution by 1791. (3.2-IIC)

Question 63

Commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. First President of

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George Washington

Question 64

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the United States under the U.S. Constitution

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