The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

The belief that certain nations or races are superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them.

A concept that suggests it is a moral obligation for Western nations to civilize and uplift people from other cultures.

An international meeting held in 1884-85, where European powers divided African territory among themselves without considering the indigenous populations.

The rapid invasion and occupation of African territory by European powers in the late 19th century.

A large area in Central Africa that was privately controlled by King Leopold II of Belgium, marked by exploitation and brutal treatment of the local population.

A rebellion in German East Africa (now Tanzania) in 1905 against colonial rule, which was sparked by dissatisfaction with oppressive policies and loss of land.

The emperor of Ethiopia who successfully defended his country against Italian colonization at the Battle of Adwa in 1896.

A term used to describe India, the most valuable colony in the British empire.

A British trading company that played a significant role in the colonization of India and controlled trade in the Indian Ocean region.

A widespread uprising against British rule in India in 1857, sparked by various grievances among Indian soldiers and common people.

The period of British colonial rule in India from 1858 to 1947, characterized by significant political and social changes in the region.

The title for the military leader in feudal Japan, who held significant power and governed in the name of the emperor.

An American naval officer who played a key role in opening Japan to Western trade in the mid-19th century.

A period of political and social change in Japan from 1868 to 1912 that marked the transition from feudalism to modern state, including industrialization and the adoption of Western practices.

The process of adapting and incorporating Western technology and ideas into a country to improve and modernize its society and economy.

The last imperial dynasty of China, which ruled from 1644 until its collapse in 1912, characterized by significant events such as the Opium Wars and the Boxer Rebellion.

A series of conflicts in the 19th century between China and Britain, primarily over the trade of opium, which resulted in significant territorial and trade concessions to Western powers.

A geopolitical concept where a country claims exclusive economic privileges and political control over a specific region or territory.

An anti-foreigner uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, aimed at ending foreign influence and colonial intrusion in Chinese affairs.