The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. It includes activities ranging from seed production, to retailing, to consumption of agricultural products.

governments making payments to farmers to help them obtain competitive market prices

The large-scale production, processing, and packaging of food using modern equipment and methods

Raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages

geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. - coffee, tea, cocoa, cotton

corn, wheat, rice, and other grasses

An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.

the production of food primarily for sale off the farm

a linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, disperse them, and sell them on the market

the action of clearing a wide area of trees.

the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert

Where small amounts of capital and labor are used in relation to the amount of land being farmed

trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries.

an area or building where livestock are fed and fattened up.

an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began

a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility

Dating back 10,000 years, it achieved plant domestication and animal domestication.

Areas where it is difficult to find affordable, healthy food options. More common in highly populated low-income urban neighborhoods where there are fewer grocery stores/transportation options to seek out other food choices.

the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species

a network of a firm's outsourcing suppliers and contractors

a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.

created during the Green Revolution by Norman Borlaug to combat drought and pests. Plants are able to produce more per seed.

A valley and early civilization along the Indus River, one of the longest rivers in the world.

farming that requires a lot of labor to produce food

Growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot.

A relationship between countries in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, or services

the clearing of rows in the field through the use of hoes, rakes, & other manual equipment

-consuming food that is produced within 100 miles (Locavores)

settlement pattern in southern Quebec and some other areas of Canada where individual lots tend to be long and narrow and extend back from major rivers or roads

Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants

farming with machines

a climate marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters found along the Mediterranean Sea and California

A method of land description which involves identifying distances and directions and makes use of both the physical boundaries and measurements of the land.

ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling

growing a large amount of a single species of plant

fields are used several times a year and never left fallow

the raising of livestock for food by moving herds from place to place to find pasture and water

the use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops.

Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop: bananas, coffee, and cacoa. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics.

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

tools and equipment were modified, methods of soil preparation, fertilization, crop care, and harvesting improved the agriculture and made it more efficient - coincided with the Industrial Revolution

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

when an area of vegetation is cut down and burned before being planted with crops.

salt buildup in the soil

the major crop that is the basis of the diet

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

farming system in the form of steps going up the mountain

A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.

commercial gardening and fruit farming

The growing of fruits, herbs, and vegetables and raising animals in towns and cities

local or regional farming where farms also process the product (cheeses, honey, wine, etc) that creates more profit for the farm owner

An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activity in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely, activities that are more extensive , with goods that are easy to transport, are located farther from the market where rent is less.