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Vocabulary Lesson 15: "erupt"; latin number,greek number, & metric system prefixes
Quiz by Corliss Parks
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dict 39/fictional-eruptcast to erupt eruption to invent overduedict 39/D/fictional-eruptThe Ship of Shapes One day, Elder Decagon saw that the shapes on Shape Island had become lazy. They sat in their huts, fanning themselves until it was time to eat. The different shapes didn't like to spend time with each other. The Rectangles stayed with the Rectangles, the Circles with the Circles, and so on. Elder Decagon came up with a plan. "Oh, oh, oh!" she exclaimed. Worried, the shapes gathered around her. "Big Scary Fire Mountain just spoke," she said. "It will erupt soon, and all our pants will be on fire." "We must leave the island!" The shapes were confused and scared. "Didn't you hear me?" "Pants will be on fire!" Elder Decagon yelled. "What should we do?" the shapes asked. "You should build a ship," she said very slowly. The shapes cheered for the great idea and hurried off to begin. The next day, Elder Decagon was surprised to see many ships on the beach. Each ship was meant for only one kind of shape. "None of these ships are shipshape, she said. "The Triangles' boat will tip in the water." "The Ovals' ship will float, but it won't move." "The Squares' ship will move, but too slowly." "What should we do?" the shapes asked. "You should build one big ship," Elder Decagon said very slowly. This time, the shapes didn't cheer. They weren't sure how to work together. Elder Decagon picked up a stick and started to draw. She showed them how the Squares sails would move the Ovals' boat. The Triangles' bottom would keep it from tipping. The Stars' propeller and the Hearts oars would help the ship move faster. In the end, all of the shapes went into the ship. The shapes stared at the drawing, but no one moved. "Pants will be on fire!" Elder Decagon yelled. The shapes went to work. When it was finished, all the shapes climbed onto the ship. They waited for Big Scary Fire Mountain to erupt, but it never did. The shapes asked Elder Decagon why it didn't. She just said, "Look at this wonderful, shipshape ship." "It shows that if you work hard together, you can go anywhere and do anything.' After some thought, the shapes agreed. They decided to work together to make Shape Island a better place. They also decided to explore the seas in their shipshape ship.Subducting seafloor would lower the melting temperature of the mantle, generating magma that rises to the surface. What happens after magma is formed? Magma cools and crystallizes to form igneous rock. Igneous rock undergoes weathering (or breakdown) to form sediment.... As the sedimentary rock is buried under more and more sediment, the heat and pressure of burial cause metamorphism to occur. This transforms the sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock. How Do Volcanoes Erupt? Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth's surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava. Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. The explosivity of an eruption depends on the composition of the magma. If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape easily from it. When this type of magma erupts, it flows out of the volcano. A good example is the eruptions at Hawaii's volcanoes. Lava flows rarely kill people because they move slowly enough for people to get out of their way. If magma is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure builds up until the gases escape violently3. Volcanoes are often found at meeting points of “tectonic plates”. These plates are pieces of the Earth’s surface that fit together just like a jigsaw puzzle. 4. Volcanoes can also occur over “mantle plumes”. Ever heard of mantle plumes? They’re super-hot areas of rock inside the Earth! Did you know that we have a FREE downloadable Volcanoes of Ecuador primary resource? Great for teachers, homeschoolers and parents alike! 5. Approximately 350 million people live within “danger range” of an active volcano. That means that around one in 20 people live in an area at risk of volcanic activity. Volcano facts 6. Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant or extinct. This refers to the amount of volcanic activity. “Active” means there’s regular activity, “dormant” means there’s been recent activity but the volcano is currently quiet, and “extinct” means it’s been so long since the last eruption that it’s unlikely to ever erupt again. 7. Volcanoes can be a variety of shapes. These geographical wonders come in various shapes and sizes, but there are two main types – composite volcanoes, which are cone-shaped with steep slopes, and shield volcanoes, which are wide with gentle slopes. 8. Magma and lava are two different things! Magma is the name given to hot liquid rock inside a volcano. Once it leaves the volcano, it’s known as lava. Psst! Make sure you download our awesome volcano facts infographic – show your friends, family, or stick it on your wall!110.31.b.17.C Topic: Reading/Vocabulary Development