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WARNING LABELS ON SNACKS
Quiz by Sabrina Watkins
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Which student voted "no" about warning labels in our Scholastic Choices article?
The 9th grader
Article mentions warnings should be given on foods containing fat, sugar, or _______.
salt
Which student voted "no" about warning labels in our Scholastic Choices article?
Article mentions warnings should be given on foods containing fat, sugar, or _______.
It is okay for basketball player Nancy to eat 5 snacks a day.
What is the name of the chips in the article?
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1.Linguistics is the science that studies language. 2.Linguist:Someone who studies linguistics. 3.The Subfields of Linguistics Phonetics deals with the sounds of language. Phonology deals with how the sounds are organized. Morphology deals with how sounds are put together to form words. Syntax deals with how sentences are formed. Semantics deals with the meaning of words, sentences, and texts. Pragmatics deals with how sentences and texts are used in the world (i.e., in context) Text Linguistics deals with units larger than sentences, such as paragraphs and texts. 4.Prescriptive: This approach consists basically of stating what is considered right and wrong in language. 5.Descriptive: This approach, on the other hand, consists of describing the facts. Descriptive linguistics is dedicated to describing the rules of the language, and the language is seen as essentially rule governed. 6.Language is rule-governed, creative, universal, innate, and learned, all at the same time. 7.Linguists understand language as a system of arbitrary vocal signs. 8.Linguistic signs: involve sequences of sounds which represent concrete objects and events as well as abstractions.Signs may be related to the things they represent in a number of ways. 9.Iconic: which resemble the things they represent (as do, for example, photographs, diagrams, star charts, or chemical models). 10.Indexical: which point to or have a necessary connection with the things they represent (as do, for example, smoke to fire, a weathercock to the direction of the wind, a symptom to an illness, a smile to happiness, or a frown to anger). 11.Describe the characteristics of human language: Creative: (The structural elements of human language can be combined to produce new utterances, which neither the speaker nor his hearers may ever have made or heard before.) Rule-governed: (Language is made of rules.) Universal: (There are some aspects that are present in all languages of the world.) Innate:(all humans possess an innate capacity for language, activated in infancy by minimal environmental stimuli. Chomsky) Uniquely human: (Language is what sets us apart from other species. It is what makes us human.) Learned:(Children acquire language from their natural setting.) 12.Differentiate between iconic, indexical and symbolic signs. A. iconic, which resemble the things they represent (as do, for example, photographs, diagrams, star charts, or chemical models) B. indexical, which point to or have a necessary connection with the things they represent (as do, for example, smoke to fire, a weathercock to the direction of the wind, a symptom to an illness, a smile to happiness, or a frown to anger). c. symbolic, which are only conventionally related to the thing they represent (as do, for example, a flag to a nation, a rose to love, a wedding ring to marriage). 12. Distinguish between different senses of the grammar word. The prescriptivist´s grammar (Grammar is a set of rules that label the different utterances as either right or wrong.) The descriptivist´s grammar (Grammar is a set of rules that govern the langauge spoken by people. ) The linguist´s grammar (Grammar is the subconscious knowledge of the set of rules that enables speakers to use the language) The speaker´s grammar (Grammar is the intrinsic linguistic knowledge within a native speaker) 13.Describe common fallacies about language and grammar: ►One type of grammar is simpler than another. ►Changes in grammar involve deterioration in a language ►Grammars should be logical and analogical (that is, regular) ►People must be taught the grammatical rules of their language. ►Only some languages have grammar. ►Grammars differ from each other in unpredictable ways. 14.Generality: All Languages Have a Grammar 15. Equality: All Grammars Are Equal 16.Changeability: Grammars Change Over Time 17. Universality: Grammars Are Alike in Basic Ways 18.Tacitness: Grammatical Knowledge Is Subconscious 19.Linguistics is defined as the study of language systems. It is the scientific study of language. 20.Historical approach:It is the study of language change. 21.Linguistic Competence: is the unconscious knowledge speakers of a language have about the system that enables them to create and understand novel utterances. 22.Performance: is the use of it. Performance is “the actual use of language in concrete situations.” 23.I-Language (internal language): which is the intrinsic linguistic knowledge within a native speaker. 24.E-Language (external language): which is the observable language—the output from a speaker. 25.Parole ('speech') refers to the concrete instances of the use of langue, including texts which provide the ordinary research material for linguistics. 26.Langue: 27.Language: is a system of communication that is non-stereotyped and non-finite; it is unlimited in its scope. 28.Grammar: to refer to a subconscious linguistic system of a particular type. Grammar makes possible the production and comprehension of a potentially unlimited number of utterances. 29.Communication and animals: Selecting a mode of communication (speech,writing, gesture). Delivering the symbols through a medium, a physical basis for communication, light, air, or ink. Decoding of the symbols to obtain the information. 30.SIGNS: Communication relies on using something to stand for something else. Words are an obvious example of this: You do not have to have a car, a sandwich, or your cousin present in order to talk about them—the words car, sandwich, and cousin stand for them instead. This same phenomenon is found in animal communication as well. 31.The signifier: A signifier is that part of a sign that stimulates at least one sense organ of the receiver of a message.A signifier can also be a picture, a photograph, a sign language gesture, or one of the many other words for tree in different languages. 32.The signified: The signified component of the sign refers to both the real world object it represents and its conceptual content. The first of these is the real world content of the sign, its extension or referent within a system of signs such as English, avian communication, or sign language. 33.Iconic signs or icons: always bear some resemblance to their referent. A photograph is an iconic sign; so too is a stylized silhouette of a female or a male on a restroom door. 34.Some iconic tokens: a. open-mouth threat by a Japanese macaque; b. park recreation signs; c. onomatopoeic words in English. 35.An indexical sign, or index, fulfils its function by pointing out its referent, typically by being a partial or representative sample of it. Indexes are not arbitrary, since their presence has in some sense been caused by their referent. For this reason it is sometimes said that there is a causal link between an indexical sign and its referent.The track of an animal, for example, points to the existence of the animal by representing a part of it. The presence of smoke is an index of fire. 36.Symbolic signs: bear an arbitrary relationship to their referents and in this way are distinct from both icons and indexes. Human language is highly symbolic in that the vast majority of its signs bear no inherent resemblance or causal connection to their referents, as the following words show. 37.Mixed signs Signs: are not always exclusively of one type or another. Symptomatic signs, for example, may have iconic properties, as when a dog opens its mouth in a threat to bite. Symbolic signs such as traffic lights are symptomatic in that they reflect the internal state of the mechanism that causes them to change color. 38.Signals: All signs can act as signals when they trigger a specific action on the part of the receiver, as do traffic lights, words in human language such as the race starter's "Go!", or the warning calls of birds. 39.SIGN STRUCTURE: No matter what their type, signs show different kinds of structure. A basic distinction is made between graded and discrete sign structure. 40.Graded signs convey their meaning by changes in degree. A good example of a gradation in communication is voice volume. The more you want to be heard, the louder you speak along an increasing scale of loudness. There are no steps or jumps from one level to the next that can be associated with a specific change in meaning. 41.Discrete signs are distinguished from each other by categorical (stepwise) differences. There is no gradual transition from one sign to the next. The words of human language are good examples of discrete signs. 42.A VIEW OF ANIMAL COMMUNICATION ►Largely iconic ►Largely symptomatic ►Little arbitrary ►Not deliberate ►Not conscious ►Not symbolic ►Stimulus boundOrganization moment : Greeting. Checking home task. Set the lesson objectives, letting students know what to anticipate from the lesson. Warming up. Tell Ss to do matching task Vocabulary. Ex 1, p 87. The pictures show various types of energy. Label the pictures. Use: sound, thermal, light, mechanical, magnetic, and gravitational. Pre-reading. Ex 2, p 87. What is the difference between ‘kinetic’ and ‘potential’ energy? Tell Ss to watch video to find out. Reading. Ex 3, p 87. Tell Ss to read the text and do matching task Assessment criteria: read a wide range of extended fiction and non-fiction texts Gap filling. Ex 4, p 87. Fill in: reaction, movement, field, object, process. Speaking. Ex 5, p 87. What do you know about the other types of energy in Ex. 1? What else would you like to know? Write down two questions and ask classmates Assessment criteria: evaluate and comment on the views of others FEEDBACK Ask for the feedback Home task: Ex 6 p 87Q1. Tick the properties of water. a. Water is transparent and colourless. b. Water has no smell or taste. c. One litre of water has a mass of one kilogram. d. Water supports life. e. Water has no weight. Q2. List the properties of air. --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Q3. "Which gases are the most abundant in air?" The most common gas ----------------------------------------- The second most common gas ----------------------------- 8 | Page AZ-Y5-Science- Second Mid-Term Revision2024/2025 Q4. Look at the pie chart of the components of the air and identify P, Q and R. Nitrogen 71% Oxygen 21% Other gases 1% P ------------------------------- Q ------------------------------- R -------------------------------- Q5. Identify the gas for each of these descriptions. Use the name of each gas twice. Oxygen-nitrogen-carbon dioxide. a. The gas we need to breathe. --------------------------------- b. The most common gas in the air. ---------------------------- c. The gas that gives drinks their fizz. ---------------------------- d. The gas that supports burning. -------------------------------- e. A gas used to make fertilizer. ---------------------------------- f. A gas used in fire extinguishers. ------------------------------- 9 | Page AZ-Y5-Science- Second Mid-Term Revision2024/2025 Q6. Draw and label the stages of the water cycle. Use arrows to show how water moves through the cycle." 10 | Page AZ-Y5-Science- Second Mid-Term Revision2024/2025 Q7. The diagram shows how gases in the upper atmosphere trap heat. a. What does the diagram refer to? _____________________________________________________________ b. Give two reasons why the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ c. If more heat is trapped, how will the earth's temperature change? 1. It will rise. 2. It will fall. d. "Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?" 1. Argon 2. Nitrogen 3. Carbon dioxide 11 | Page AZ-Y5-Science- Second Mid-Term Revision2024/2025 Q8. Write (T) for True or (F) for False. 1. Global warming leads to rising sea levels and more droughts. ( ) 2. Water exists in only one state: liquid. ( ) 3. It is not safe to drink untreated water from lakes and rivers. ( ) 4. Air pollution does not affect the environment. ( ) 5. Nitrogen is the most common gas in the atmosphere. ( ) Q9. Fill in the blanks: a. Air is a mixture of gases, and the most abundant gas in the air is __________. b. The water cycle includes four stages: __________, __________, __________, and __________. c. __________ is a gas used in the production of fertilizers. d. __________ is a harmful gas that contributes to global warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere. Q10. Answer the following questions: 1. What are the four main stages of the water cycle? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Name one way to help reduce air pollution. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 | Page AZ-Y5-Science- Second Mid-Term Revision2024/2025 3. State one use of oxygen gas. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. What is one consequence of global warming? -------------------------------------------------Warning: Thinking RequiredWarning and Safety Signs 1WARNING! Disappearing Images | EMBEDDING IMAGES in Power BI No URL NeededMiranda WarningCaution or warning