A combination of pitches and rhythms that is the “main theme” of a song or section of music. 

A dynamic marking that means “medium loud”. It is louder than Mezzo Piano but not as loud as Forte.

A dynamic marking that means to gradually get softer.

An articulation marking (.) given above notes. This means to play with a lot of space and separation between the notes.

The simultaneous sounding of two or more musical notes, creating chords and progressions that accompany a melody