Word Up 3b - Study Set | Quizalize

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Word Up 3b - Study Set | Quizalize

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Word Up 3b - Study Set

Quiz by Mrs. Fry

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Q 1/21
Score 0
to bring into the mind
30
Rebuke
Evoke
Affluent
Indifferent
Q 2/21
Score 0
A new idea, device, or method
30
Degrade
Consternation
Illustrious
Innovation

21 questions

Q.

to bring into the mind

1

30 sec

Q.

A new idea, device, or method

2

30 sec

Q.

A valuable person or thing

3

30 sec

Q.

Not based on reason or evidence

4

30 sec

Q.

looking exhausted and unwell, especially from fatigue, worry, or suffering

5

30 sec

Q.

An event that causes great harm and suffering

6

30 sec

Q.

Something that is not what it appears and that is meant to trick or deceive people

7

30 sec

Q.

A difference of opinion; disagreement

8

30 sec

Q.

well known, respected, and admired for past achievements

9

30 sec

Q.

rich, wealthy

10

30 sec

Q.

well known; respected, and admired for past achievements

11

30 sec

Q.

having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned

12

30 sec

Q.

To treat someone or something poorly and without respect

13

30 sec

Q.

treating all people and groups equally : not partial or biased

14

30 sec

Q.

possibly true : believable or realistic

15

30 sec

Q.

To hold the attention of someone by being very exciting, interesting, or beautiful

16

30 sec

Q.

To speak in an angry and critical way to someone

17

30 sec

Q.

not conscious or aware of someone or something

18

30 sec

Q.

something that is boring because it is always the same

19

30 sec

Q.

feelings of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected

20

30 sec

Q.

Great and impressive beauty

21

30 sec

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Figure 18-11 represents the amount of energy stored as organic material in each trophic level in an ecosystem. The pyramid shape of the diagram indicates the low percentage of energy transfer from one level to the next. On average, 10 percent of the total energy consumed in one trophic level is incor- porated into the organisms in the next. Why is the percentage of energy transfer so low? One reason is that some of the organisms in a trophic level escape being eaten. They eventually die and become food for decomposers, but the energy contained in their bodies does not pass to a higher trophic level. Even when an organism is eaten, some of the molecules in its body will be in a form that the consumer cannot break down and use. For example, a cougar cannot extract energy from the antlers, hooves, and hair of a deer. Also, the energy used by prey for cellu- lar respiration cannot be used by predators to synthesize new bio- mass. Finally, no transformation or transfer of energy is 100 percent efficient. Every time energy is transformed, such as during the reactions of metabolism, some energy is lost as heat. Limitations of Trophic Levels The low rate of energy transfer between trophic levels explains why ecosystems rarely contain more than a few trophic levels. Because only about 10 percent of the energy available at one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level, there is not enough energy in the top trophic level to support more levels. Organisms at the lowest trophic level are usually much more abundant than organisms at the highest level. In Africa, for exam- ple, you will see about 1,000 zebras, gazelles, and other herbivores for every lion or leopard you see, and there are far more grasses and shrubs than there are herbivores. 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Size is a fundamental and important population property but can be difficult to measure directly. If a population is small and composed of immobile organisms, such as plants, its size can be determined simply by counting individuals. Often, though, individ- uals are too abundant, too widespread, or too mobile to be counted easily, and scientists must estimate the number of individuals in the population. Suppose that a scientist wants to know how many oak trees live in a 10 km2 patch of forest. Instead of searching the entire patch of forest and counting all the oak trees, the scientist could count the trees in a smaller section of the forest, such as a 1 km2 area. The scientist could then use this value to estimate the population of the larger area. 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Scientists must use sampling methods at several locations to monitor changes in the population size of the animals. FIGURE 19-2 TABLE 19-1 Population Size and Density of Some Countries Population size Population density Country (in millions) (in individuals/km2) China 1,289 135 India 1,069 325 United States 292 30 Russia 146 8 Japan 128 337 Mexico 105 54 Kenya 32 54 Australia 20 3 dispersion from the Latin dis-, meaning “out,” and spargere, meaning “to scatter” Word Roots and Origins Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. POPULATIONS 383 The social interactions of birds called gannets, which are shown in Figure 19-3b, result in a uniform distribution. Each gannet chooses a small nesting area on the coast and defends it from other gannets. In this way, each gannet tries to maximize its distance from all of its neighbors, which causes a uniform distribution of individuals. Few populations are truly randomly dispersed. 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