Question 1

The chemical formula for acetic acid is $CH_3COOH$ . How many hydrogen atoms are in one molecule of acetic acid?

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

3

Answer

5

Answer

6

Question 2

The table lists the characteristics of four stars.

How is each star categorized in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 3

A student places ice cubes into a beaker filled with warm water. Which statement BEST identifies and explains the change that will occur to the ice cubes?

Accepted Answer

They will undergo a physical change to the state of matter, from solid to liquid.

Answer

They will undergo a chemical change that permanently changes the shape of the ice cubes in the liquid.

Answer

They will undergo a physical change caused by a transfer of heat from the ice cubes to the liquid.

Answer

They will undergo a chemical change because a new substance, made up of a solid and liquid, is formed.

Question 4

A class is making a poster about the sun. The poster includes drawings and information about the sun.

Which statement should the students include on the poster?

Accepted Answer

The sun is located on a spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy.

Answer

The sun has a solid, rocky core.

Answer

The sun is one of the largest stars in the universe.

Answer

The sun is farther from Earth than some other stars are.

Question 5

Students use a cart and some cargo to investigate acceleration. The diagram shows the available carts, each cart’s mass, and three types of cargo that can be used in the investigation. The wheels on all three carts are identical.

If an identical force is applied to all the combinations of cart and cargo, which table shows the combination that produces the least acceleration and the combination that produces the greatest acceleration?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 6

The model shows the movement of two continental plates.

Part A

Which geologic feature is MOST LIKELY to form along the plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Mountain

Answer

Mid-ocean ridge

Answer

Trench

Answer

Rift valley

Question 7

The model shows the movement of two continental plates.

Part B

Which statement BEST supports the answer to Part A?

Accepted Answer

At convergent plate boundaries, the plates are folded and pushed upward.

Answer

At convergent plate boundaries, one plate slides underneath another plate.

Answer

At divergent plate boundaries, the plates are folded and pushed upward.

Answer

At divergent plate boundaries, one plate slides underneath another plate.

Question 8

A student wants to study primary succession by removing all the plants in a plot of irrigated farmland previously used to grow corn. What will be the MOST LIKELY result of the student’s plan?

Accepted Answer

The plan will not be successful, because the study area should not contain soil.

Answer

The plan will be successful, because the study area includes a water source.

Answer

The plan will not be successful, because the study area should be smaller.

Answer

The plan will be successful, because the study area likely contains only grasses.

Question 9

A partial ocean food web is shown.

How would an increase in the shrimp population MOST LIKELY affect organisms in the partial food web?

Accepted Answer

The algae and plankton populations would decrease.

Answer

The small fish population would decrease, and the algae population would increase.

Answer

The eel population would decrease, and the small fish population would increase.

Answer

The plankton and eel populations would increase.

Question 10

The diagram shows Earth in four positions in its orbit around the sun.

In which position is it summer in the Southern Hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

Position 2

Answer

Position 1

Answer

Position 3

Answer

Position 4

Question 11

An element has these properties:

is ductile

has a shiny luster

is solid at room temperature

is a good conductor of thermal energy

Which element has the properties listed?

Accepted Answer

Palladium (Pd)

Answer

Arsenic (As)

Answer

Neon (Ne)

Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 12

The diagram shows a model of the moon, Earth, and the sun forming a right angle.

Based on the position of the moon in the diagram, which of these is occurring in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A neap tide, which results in the smallest difference between the high and low tide

Answer

A spring tide, which results in the greatest difference between the high and low tide

Answer

A neap tide, which results in the greatest difference between the high and low tide

Answer

A spring tide, which results in the smallest difference between the high and low tide

Question 13

The diagram shows a person applying an action force to a diving board.

Which statement best applies to the reaction force?

Accepted Answer

The reaction force acts in the direction opposite to the action force.

Answer

The reaction force is not as large as the action force.

Answer

The reaction force acts in the same direction as the action force.

Answer

The reaction force is greater than the action force.

Question 14

A force of $CH_3COOH$ newtons pushes a $ext{14.0-kilogram}$ case of water bottles across the surface of a table. The friction between the case of water bottles and the table surface is $ext{41.0 N}$ , as shown in the diagram.

What is the acceleration of the case of water bottles?

Accepted Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Question 15

The frequency of dark fur has increased in a population of mice over time. Which environment MOST LIKELY led to this change?

Accepted Answer

An environment that has less snowfall over time

Answer

An environment with a decreasing owl population over time

Answer

An environment with an increasing owl population over time

Answer

An environment that has more snowfall over time

Question 16

A student is pulling a $CH_3COOH$ cart, accelerating at $ext{14.0-kilogram}$ meters per second squared. A second student joins the first student in pulling the cart in the same direction, and the cart’s acceleration increases to $ext{41.0 N}$ .

With how much force is the second student pulling?

Accepted Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Question 17

A chemical equation is shown.

Which statement correctly compares the number of atoms in the reactant and in the products?

Accepted Answer

The total number of atoms in the hydrogen peroxide molecules is equal to the total number of atoms in the liquid water and oxygen gas molecules.

Answer

The number of atoms in each molecule of liquid water is equal to the number of atoms in each molecule of oxygen gas.

Answer

The number of atoms in each molecule of hydrogen peroxide is equal to the number of atoms in each molecule of oxygen gas.

Answer

The total number of atoms in the hydrogen peroxide molecules is equal to the total number of atoms in each molecule of liquid water.

Question 18

A train left the station at $CH_3COOH$ and traveled as shown by the distance-time graph.

Which statements BEST describe the motion of the train? Select TWO correct answers.

Question 19

A food web is shown.

Part A

Based on the information shown in this food web, which effect would MOST LIKELY occur if the insect population decreased?

Accepted Answer

The number of sea ducks would decrease.

Answer

The number of bald eagles would increase.

Answer

The number of small fish would decrease.

Answer

The number of phytoplankton would remain the same.

Question 20

A food web is shown.

Part B

Which evidence BEST supports the correct answer to Part A?

Accepted Answer

The only consumer food source available to this organism population would be reduced.

Answer

The predator populations would have multiple food options available.

Answer

This consumer’s prey population would be increasing.

Answer

The producer population would increase because of a lack of consumers.

Question 21

The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram shown describes the luminosity, spectral classes, and temperatures of stars.

Based on the H-R diagram, which type of star could have a surface temperature of 3,000 K and be 100 times brighter than the sun?

Accepted Answer

Giant

Answer

Main-sequence star

Answer

Supergiant

Answer

White dwarf

Question 22

There are several energy transformations that occur when a person flips a light switch and a lamp turns on. Students are asked to formulate a hypothesis about these energy conversions.

Which student hypothesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy in the body converts into mechanical energy in the hand and electrical energy in the bulb is converted to light energy.

Answer

Mechanical energy in the hand converts into chemical energy in the body and then is converted to light energy in the bulb.

Answer

Mechanical energy in the hand converts into light energy in the bulb and is then converted to chemical energy.

Answer

Chemical energy in the body converts into light energy in the bulb and then is converted to electrical energy.

Question 23

Which statement is an accurate comparison of the formula for ammonia $CH_3COOH$ and the formula for sodium hydroxide $ext{14.0-kilogram}$ ?

Accepted Answer

The formula for ammonia has more atoms, but the formula for sodium hydroxide has more elements.

Answer

The formula for sodium hydroxide has more atoms and more elements than the formula for ammonia.

Answer

The formula for ammonia has more atoms and more elements than the formula for sodium hydroxide.

Answer

The formula for sodium hydroxide has more atoms, but the formula for ammonia has more elements.

Question 24

The diagram shows a $CH_3COOH$ box moving at a constant velocity of $ext{14.0-kilogram}$ meters per second (m/s) across a smooth surface. As the box continues to move, it will enter an area with a rough surface.

When the box slides onto the rough surface, that surface applies a frictional force of $0.5$ newtons (N) to the box.

What is the net force on the box before and after the box encounters the rough surface AND what is the effect of the net force on the motion of the box?

Accepted Answer

There was no net force on the box (or that the net force was zero) before the rough surface and that the net force after entering the rough surface was 0.5 N, which decreased the box’s velocity.

Answer

The net force is 0.5 N before the box reaches the rough surface, which keeps it moving. After entering the rough surface, the net force becomes zero, so the box continues at the same speed.

Answer

There is no net force on the box both before and after it reaches the rough surface, so its velocity does not change at all.

Answer

The net force is zero before the rough surface, and after entering the rough surface, the net force increases the box’s velocity, making it move faster.

Question 25

A car traveled a distance of $CH_3COOH$ kilometers in $ext{14.0-kilogram}$ hour. The car stopped for $ext{41.0 N}$ and then traveled an additional $ext{140 km}$ in $ext{2 h}$ .

What was the average speed of the car in kilometers per hour over the course of the entire trip, including when the car was stopped?

Accepted Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Answer

$ext {0.5 m/s}^2$

Question 26

The model shows the movements of Earth, the sun, and the moon.

Which arrow indicates a movement that is ONE of the causes of seasonal change on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Arrow 2

Answer

Arrow 1

Answer

Arrow 3

Answer

Arrow 4

Question 27

Which conditions allow hurricanes to grow in size and strength?

Accepted Answer

Heat from water vapor over warm ocean surfaces

Answer

Energetic winds blowing in from the Arctic

Answer

Convection driving the ocean currents

Answer

Coastal winds blowing in different directions during the day and at night

Question 28

The East Pacific Rise is a mid-ocean ridge that formed between the Pacific plate and the Nazca plate.

Which statement BEST describes the plate movement that has led to the formation of the East Pacific Rise?

Accepted Answer

The Pacific and Nazca plates are moving apart, allowing new crust to be formed by magma.

Answer

The Pacific and Nazca plates are moving towards each other, pushing the sea floor upward.

Answer

The Pacific plate is moving under the Nazca plate, causing the crust to bend.

Answer

The Pacific and Nazca plates are sliding past each other, breaking rocks and surface features.

Question 29

A student measures the mass of a tarnished silver ring and $CH_3COOH$ of a baking soda solution. The student puts the ring in a pan, adds the baking soda solution to the pan, and stirs it well. After $ext{14.0-kilogram}$ minutes, the student removes the ring from the pan, and it appears shiny and new. The student observes tiny, yellow flakes in the solution at the bottom of the pan.

What is the student MOST LIKELY to discover about the mass of the ring and solution after the ring is removed from the pan?

Accepted Answer

The mass of the ring will decrease. The mass of the solution will increase. The total mass of the ring and the solution will remain the same.

Answer

The mass of the ring will increase. The mass of the solution will decrease. The total mass of the ring and the solution will remain the same.

Answer

The mass of the ring will remain the same. The mass of the solution will remain the same. The total mass of the ring and the solution will remain the same.

Answer

No answer is correct.

Question 30

Humans depend on oceans for which process?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining stable air temperatures

Answer

Producing carbon dioxide

Answer

Supplying the atmosphere with nitrogen

Answer

Generating a magnetic field

Question 31

A teacher performs these steps for a class demonstration, and students record their observations.

1. Put a small candle in a candleholder.

2. Light a match.

3. Use the flame from the match to light the candle.

4. Let the candle burn for 5 minutes.

5. Blow out the flame.

6. Let the students examine the candle after it has cooled.

What is an example of a physical change that occurred during the demonstration AND what is an example of a chemical change that occurred during the demonstration?

Accepted Answer

For the physical change, the wax melting from solid to liquid (or hardening back to solid) is a physical change because it is still the same substance, and its basic properties do not change.

For the chemical change, the match lighting or the candle wick burning the wax is a chemical change because a new substance is formed. This change cannot be reversed easily, and the chemical properties are different from before.

Answer

The wax melting is a chemical change because heat changes it into a different substance. The match burning is a physical change because it only changes shape and size.

Answer

There are only physical changes in this demonstration. The wax melts and hardens, and the match burns, but nothing new is formed, so everything can be reversed.

Answer

The candle burning is a physical change because the wax just disappears. The match lighting is also a physical change since it only produces light and does not change the substance.

Question 32

Which statement describes an advantage of sexual reproduction when compared with asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction introduces new gene combinations, which result in greater diversity within the population.

Answer

Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are almost always adapted to their environment.

Answer

Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, which are less likely to have genetic mutations.

Answer

Sexual reproduction requires less time and energy because a mate is not needed for reproduction.

Question 33

A student dusts off a cabinet and begins to cough. The student’s muscles tense, causing the student to exhale while coughing.

Which body systems are MOST directly involved in coughing?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory and muscular systems

Answer

Integumentary and circulatory systems

Answer

Circulatory and respiratory systems

Answer

Muscular and integumentary systems

Question 34

The diagram shows a food web in a forest ecosystem.

How would each population change if there were a decrease in the populations of grasshoppers and mice?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 35

Which scenario would cause the MOST damage to an ecosystem’s sustainability?

Accepted Answer

The loss of four species in the ecosystem

Answer

The loss of one hundred organisms in the ecosystem

Answer

The loss of one population in the ecosystem

Answer

The loss of thirty individuals in the ecosystem

Question 36

Which statement describes an example of secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

Plant species begin to grow in a forest following a wildfire.

Answer

Plant species grow around a volcano following a recent eruption.

Answer

Plant species begin to grow on rock that was exposed after a landslide.

Answer

Plant species grow where a glacier that has retreated once stood.

Question 37

The food web represents the flow of energy in a marine ecosystem.

How many organisms shown in the food web receive energy ONLY from producers?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 38

A ball rolls along a flat surface and slowly comes to a stop. Which statement best describes the reason for the ball’s change in motion?

Accepted Answer

The ball’s velocity decreases because of the force of friction.

Answer

The force that keeps the ball rolling slowly decreases.

Answer

The force of gravity gets stronger as the ball slows down.

Answer

The ball’s inertia is greater than the force applied to the ball.

Question 39

The image shows how the Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs between the North American and Eurasian plates.

Which movement is taking place at the same time that this ridge is forming?

Accepted Answer

The North American and Eurasian plates are moving away from each other.

Answer

The North American and Eurasian plates are moving toward each other.

Answer

The North American plate is moving on top of the Eurasian plate.

Answer

The North American and Eurasian plates are sliding past each other.

Question 40

The mineral albite is composed of four elements and has the chemical formula $CH_3COOH$ . Which of these elements does albite contain?

Accepted Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Astatine

Answer

Sulfur

Answer

Nitrogen

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