It is a consciously coordinated social unit compose of two or more people; functions on a continuous basis to achieve a common goal (Stephen R. Robbins, 2001).

Give the 4 primary focus when studying organizational communication (chronologically)

He stated, "Without communication, there can be no organization."

According to Goldhaber (1993), organizations can be thought of as _______ of _______.

It is the sending and receiving of messages among related individuals within a particular environment to achieve individual and common goal; highly contextual, culturally dependent and not an isolated phenomenon; focuses on building relationships with internal org member and interested external publics.

FILL IN THE BLANKS (CHRONOLOGICALLY; separate your answers with a comma)

These are the common characteristics of OrgComm according to Goldhaber (1990)

(1) occurs within a ______ open system

(2) involves messages and their ______, ______, ____, and media

(3) involves ____ and their ______, feelings, relationships, and skills

It is the most vital skill necessary for the 21st century workforce to achieve organizational success.

According to the Public Forum Institute (2001), employees need to be skilled in the following:

1.

2.

3.

She is the first management consultant in the US; she focused on message complexity, appropriate channel choice, worker participation

According to him, people must be able to interact w each other for an organization to succeed.

Give the 3 main speech communication traditions from Putnam and Cheney (1985)

They introduced the 3 periods in the development of Organizational Communication

This era focused on public address, business writing, managerial communication, and persuasion.

This ear saw the beginnings of business and industrial communication with certain group and organization relationships are recognized as important.

This era is where empirical research increased.

Give the 4 domains of modern organizational communication according to Putnam and Cheney (1985) (Note: Answer chronologically para tama)

In this perspective, people are seen as machine parts.

Give the 3 basic aspects the should exist in organizations according to Miller (2001).

This theory emphasized precise rules, division of labor, centralized authority and distinctly defined hierarchy should be driven by rational thought void of emotion and outside influence.

This theory focused on how the management worked; what managers should do to be most effective; each individual should know their role

This is an example of theory of classical management where managers micro-manage employees by using reward-punishment tactics, and limiting employee participation in decision making (McGregor 1960)

This refers to how organizational members relate to one another, and how individuals' needs influence their performance in organizations.

It refers to the people's tendency to behave differently when they know that they are being observed

This perspective truly embrace participation by all org member; each person is seen as valuable human resource; employees are valuable human resource that should be involved to manifest their abilities and productivity

This perspective is concerned with problems of relationships, structure, and of interdependence rather than with the constant attributes of objects; an organization is like a living organism that must exist in its external environment to survive.

Give the five basic properties of Organizations (chronologically)

This occurs when a system/organization can reach its goals from different paths

This is an ability of an org to overcome the possibility of becoming run down.

Organizations must be responsive to their external environment and adjust when needed.

This refers to an org's need for stability in a turbulent environment

The more an organization groups and interacts, the more elaborate it becomes.

In this theory, participants organize through their communication and make sense of unpredictable environments through interactions.

It is a process of organizing.

In this perspective, organizations must maintain the following: (1) shared values and beliefs, (2) common practices, skills, and actions, (3) customarily observed rules, (4) objects and artifacts, (5) mutually understood meanings

It reflects the shared realities and practices in the organization and how these realities create and shape org events (Shockley-Zalabak, 2002); shared ways of thinking that emerge through interaction

Give the 3 interdependent level on how culture works in organizations (chronologically)

It is the first type of communicative behavior; symbols used by an org represent the org's culture

This refers to the org's preference for how things should happen; strategies for how things should be accomplished correctly; yardstick for judging behavior (Hackman and Johnson, 2000)

These are the core of what individuals believe in organizations believe; influences how you experience the world as an org member; guide how orgs treat employees and provide services

It reveal how we treat other individuals; what we see as good and bad in nature

It is the general workplace atmosphere/mood experienced by org members; has a direct effect on org relationships and members' satisfaction (Tagiuri, 1968)

It is the subjective reaction to org members' perception of communication events

These are basic code of conduct (morals) that individuals and groups use to assess whether something is right or wrong.

This occurs due to information overload, communication anxiety, unethical communication, bad timing, too little information, etc.

This is also called the "Magic Bullet Theory"; implies that mass media has a direct, immediate, and powerful effect on its audience.

They are the receivers, readers, viewers/listeners, and public character of the event.

According to him, audience exists nowhere; it inhibits no real space, only positions within analytical discourse.

It is centrally concerned with the choice, reception, and manner of response of the media audience.

What do media do to people?

It comes from someone telling us that we are doing the right thing.

It comes from our knowledge that others are doing the same as we are; hence, what we're doing is acceptable

They are viewers who engages in purposeful viewing

They are the ones who engages in other activities while watching

It is a gratification obtained from watching soap operas using a program as a tool for social interaction.

It is another gratification that we get from watching programs when we are bored

When the program helps solve problem in the viewer's own life

When newspapers serves as surrogates for other people or for social experiences.

It underscores the major goal of mass media to be financially successful

These are basic statistical data; age, sex, educational level, income; can be applied to local media and national media

They rely on demographics to categorize the population

These are the characteristics of media audience; lifestyle, habits, opinions, attitudes, and beliefs

Give the three speaking purposes

A speaking purpose that defines, instruct, explains, clarifies, and demonstrates

A speaking purpose that influences attitudes, beliefs, or actions

A speaking purpose that creates interest, amusement, and warm feelings

They are made up of people having no obvious common ties.

They are initially attentive to the speaker but not totally interested

They are members who share a common purpose but lack any plan for working in concert with another.

They are members who are ready to achieve their common aim but need to be satisfied that any recommendation are logically defensible.

They are unified in purpose and in loyalty to the speaker that it needs only to be told what to do.