Question 1

Which statements are correct?

I. Loss of line-of-sight (LOS) caused by mountains can lead to communication loss.

II. A UAV should have a lost-link protocol such as Return-to-Home to ensure safe recovery.

III. A standby backup link (e.g., VHF) may be used if the main communication link fails.

Accepted Answer

I, II, and III are all valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and II are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

II and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Question 2

Which antenna type is best for long-range, high-frequency UAV communication and why?

Accepted Answer

Parabolic dish: narrow beam and high gain at microwave range.

Answer

Patch antenna: compact, lightweight, and evenly radiating beam.

Answer

Quarter-wave vertical: omnidirectional and vertically polarized.

Answer

Yagi-Uda directional: used in UHF with moderate signal focus.

Question 3

Most likely cause? (UAV in urban area shows distorted video and blurred images)

Accepted Answer

Multi-path propagation from signal reflections in buildings.

Answer

Omnidirectional antenna with insufficient signal focus.

Answer

Atmospheric absorption reducing signal range and clarity.

Answer

Low transmitter power causing weak signal transmission.

Question 4

Which setup gives the greatest LOS communication range?

Accepted Answer

UAV 1000 m, ground antenna 2000 m, maximum elevation.

Answer

UAV 500 m, ground antenna 2000 m, high tower scenario.

Answer

UAV 1000 m, ground antenna 4 m, moderate elevation gain.

Answer

UAV 300 m, ground antenna 2 m, low elevation scenario.

Question 5

What is the best solution? (UAV must maintain communication beyond 130 km in hilly terrain)

Accepted Answer

Deploy a relay UAV or satellite to extend the range.

Answer

Increase transmitter power to boost signal transmission.

Answer

Use a parabolic dish to focus signal in one direction.

Answer

Switch to quarter-wave antenna for better coverage.

Question 6

Which statements are correct?

I. Frequency allocation varies from one country to another, creating export challenges.

II. Modular radio system design helps facilitate frequency changes when exporting UAVs.

III. Testing and consultation with local regulators is recommended before export deployment.

Accepted Answer

I, II, and III are all valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

II and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and II are both valid and supported by facts.

Question 7

Why is UHF (1–3 GHz) commonly used in UAV communication systems?

Accepted Answer

Balanced propagation and data rate, avoids congestion.

Answer

Only band approved by ITU for UAV communication.

Answer

Supports fiber optic integration for long-range use.

Answer

High data rates and immunity to interference issues.

Question 8

Most likely cause? (UAV fails to return data during mission despite maintaining altitude and power)

Accepted Answer

Loss of downlink signal from UAV to ground station.

Answer

Antenna gain too high, causing signal misdirection.

Answer

Loss of uplink signal from the ground control station.

Answer

Use of fiber optics in long-range flight scenario.

Question 9

What design feature is essential? (UAV used for NBC contamination detection using fiber optics)

Accepted Answer

Spool-mounted fiber with severing for safe return.

Answer

Microwave relay system for extended range use.

Answer

Laser beam system for secure optical transmission.

Answer

High-gain parabolic antenna for long-range signals.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a valid anti-jamming technique in UAV communication?

Accepted Answer

Increasing antenna height to reduce jamming.

Answer

High transmitter power to overcome interference.

Answer

Frequency hopping to avoid targeted jamming.

Answer

Spread-spectrum signal to mask transmission.

Question 11

Which statements are correct?

I. High-resolution cameras may require very high data rates and large bandwidth.

II. Increasing UAV autonomy can reduce dependence on continuous high-bandwidth communication.

III. Long-range surveillance missions require no stabilization since UAVs fly steadily.

Accepted Answer

I and II are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

II and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I, II, and III are all valid and supported by facts.

Question 12

Why are single-sensor payloads often preferred in field operations?

Accepted Answer

They allow modular swaps and mission flexibility.

Answer

They simplify design and reduce total system weight.

Answer

They reduce cost and allow for faster UAV production.

Answer

They improve image quality and thermal control.

Question 13

Most likely effect? (UAV’s payload includes a high-resolution thermal imager with cryogenic cooling)

Accepted Answer

Increased payload mass and power consumption.

Answer

Reduced image clarity and increased pixel noise.

Answer

Enhanced zoom capability and wider field of view.

Answer

Decreased resolution and limited night operation.

Question 14

Which conclusion is best supported by the graph?

Accepted Answer

Reducing payload mass increases UAV range.

Answer

UAV range is fixed regardless of payload type.

Answer

Payload mass has no effect on UAV endurance.

Answer

Increasing payload mass increases UAV range.

Question 15

What payload strategy is best? (UAV must switch from surveillance to gas detection mid-mission)

Accepted Answer

Use a modular single-sensor payload system.

Answer

Use a thermal imager with extended zoom lens.

Answer

Use a radar payload with synthetic aperture mode.

Answer

Use a fixed multi-sensor payload for both tasks.

Question 16

Which statements are correct?

I. Low-light-level cameras can operate effectively with significantly less illumination than ordinary cameras.

II. Low-light-level cameras are mainly used for measuring UAV altitude at night.

III. These cameras are useful for nighttime surveillance missions.

Accepted Answer

I and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

II and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and II are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I, II, and III are all valid and supported by facts.

Question 17

Why are thermal imagers effective for night surveillance missions?

Accepted Answer

They detect emitted heat and work in darkness.

Answer

They use visible light and enhance sharpness.

Answer

They rely on fiber optics and laser scanning.

Answer

They detect reflected light and amplify contrast.

Question 18

Most likely cause? (UAV’s radar payload reveals bright spots in its SAR image)

Accepted Answer

Surfaces perpendicular to radar causing strong return.

Answer

Use of short-wave infrared instead of radar beam.

Answer

Weak signal due to low radar transmission power.

Answer

Smooth surfaces reflecting radar away from UAV.

Question 19

Which payload is appropriate? (UAV is tasked with detecting magnetic anomalies underwater)

Accepted Answer

Magnetic anomaly detection sensor payload.

Answer

Low-light-level camera with fiber optic lens.

Answer

Radar system with synthetic aperture imaging.

Answer

Electro-optic camera with zoom and stabilization.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a dispensable payload in UAV operations?

Accepted Answer

Electro-optic camera for surveillance imaging.

Answer

Life-raft deployment system for rescue tasks.

Answer

Crop-spraying system for agricultural missions.

Answer

Fire suppression system for wildfire response.

Question 21

Which statements are correct?

I. Smaller UAVs tend to be more sensitive to turbulence due to high area-to-mass ratio.

II. Scale effects can influence aerodynamic drag and overall flight behavior.

III. UAV scaling has no effect on Reynolds number because Reynolds number is constant.

Accepted Answer

I and II are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I, II, and III are all valid and supported by facts.

Answer

II and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Question 22

Why is high packaging density advantageous in UAV design?

Accepted Answer

It increases inertia and improves aerodynamic stability.

Answer

It reduces drag and allows for larger access panels.

Answer

It lowers cost and simplifies structural reinforcement.

Answer

It increases surface area and reduces lift requirements.

Question 23

Most likely effect? (UAV operates at very low Reynolds number due to small size and slow speed)

Accepted Answer

Increased drag and reduced lift performance overall.

Answer

Decreased lift and increased aerodynamic efficiency.

Answer

Decreased drag and improved control responsiveness.

Answer

Increased lift and reduced drag during cruise flight.

Question 24

What design strategy is most effective? (UAV must be designed for high stability in turbulent air)

Accepted Answer

Maximize packaging density and internal mass.

Answer

Reduce inertia and increase control surface area.

Answer

Use low-density materials and flexible wings.

Answer

Increase surface area and reduce wing loading.

Question 25

Which statements are correct?

I. Froude scaling ensures dynamic similarity between a model and the full-scale aircraft.

II. Under Froude scaling, velocity scales with the square root of the linear scale ratio.

III. Under Froude scaling, mass scales linearly with the scale ratio (n¹).

Accepted Answer

I and II are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

II and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I, II, and III are all valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Question 26

Which statements are correct?

I. Agricultural spraying UAVs fall under civil applications of dispensable payload systems.

II. UAV crop spraying can dispense pesticides, fungicides, and fertilizers.

III. Agricultural spraying improves efficiency and can reduce waste through precise application.

Accepted Answer

I, II, and III are all valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and II are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

II and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Answer

I and III are both valid and supported by facts.

Question 27

Why must a commercial UAS include automated flight logging and diagnostics?

Accepted Answer

To comply with CAAP’s documentation requirements.

Answer

To allow recreational users to fly without oversight.

Answer

To reduce the need for pilot training and licensing.

Answer

To improve battery life and reduce maintenance costs.

Question 28

Most likely cause? (UAS denied BVLOS waiver by CAAP)

Accepted Answer

The UAS has no documented risk mitigation systems.

Answer

The UAS uses a fixed-wing design with long range.

Answer

The UAS lacks a parachute and LED navigation lights.

Answer

The UAS is equipped with encrypted telemetry links.

Question 29

What design feature is most critical? (UAS designed for humanitarian delivery in typhoon-hit areas)

Accepted Answer

Servo-actuated payload release with fail-safes.

Answer

High-gloss paint and aerodynamic winglets.

Answer

Foldable arms and detachable landing gear.

Answer

Manual throttle override and joystick control.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a required feature for UAS operating in controlled airspace?

Accepted Answer

Manual-only control with no autonomous features.

Answer

Pre-programmed no-fly zones and route planning.

Answer

Redundant systems and emergency landing logic.

Answer

Real-time telemetry and ATC communication links.

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