Ruler with complete control over the government and the lives of the people, handed down generation to generation.

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

The lawmaking body in France, kings didn't let them meet for 150 years.

Royal French residence and seat of government established by King Louis XIV (The Sun King)

Lawmaking body in England, has MORE POWER than in France

Series of acts passed by the English Parliament in 1689 that limited the rights of the monarchy and ensured the superiority of Parliament

The overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians & William of Orange

***Bloodless Revolution***

Government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarchs' powers.

Landowning nobles in Russia under the tsars

Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture

a Russian emperor (from the Roman title Caesar)

-Spanish king at the high point of the Spanish Empire

-Wanted to spread Catholic faith

-Spanish armada defeated by Elizabeth I & England

-French King known as the "Sun King"

-Built palace at Versaille & used to control nobility

-Ultimate symbol of French culture & absolutism

-Russian Czar who went to Western Europe & brought back its culture

-WESTERNIZED Russia

-Started a war with Sweden to gain a warm-water port

-Built palace and city of St. Petersburg, "Window on the West"

-King and Queen of the Netherlands

-Invited to replace James II as rulers of England

-Had to sign English Bill of Rights

Concept of John Locke's that states all people have the right to life, liberty, and property. ***Rights every human is born with***

Powers and responsibilities are divided among the branches of government

Allowing business to operate with little or no government interference ***"Hands off"- allowing individuals to make their own economic decisions***

An agreement between the people and their government in which they give up some of their freedom for an organized society

An absolute ruler who used their power to bring about political and social change