only engage enemy forces on islands that offered a direct route to Japan.

Act that allowed nations at war to buy goods and arms in the United States if they paid cash and carried the merchandise on their own ships

the battle ended Hitler's hopes of dominating all of Europe and put Germany on the defensive.

A series of riots in L.A. California during WW2, soldiers stationed in the city and Mexican youths.

basis of a cease fire between North and South Korea

Truman's extension of the New Deal that increased min wage, expanded Social Security, and constructed low-income housing

they thought it was too favorable to accused criminals.

Abolishes poll taxes

1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work

held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech. 250,000 people attended the rally

a victory in the Cold War confrontation with the Soviet Union.

Primarily done by the SNCC, black students would go into segregated diners and sit at the counter, where they would not be served, but neither could the white patrons. They were often violently thrown out and/or arrested.

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

Students in an Iowa school were suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam war. Ruled that this suspension was unconstitutional, and that public school students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door."

having American forces take on a more active role in the Vietnam War

It resulted in recruitment of people from poor or working-class backgrounds.

made up a disproportionately high number of casualties.

Gave any president the power to go to war under certain circumstances, but required that he could only do so for 90 days before being required to officially bring the matter before Congress.

passage of the Equal Rights Amendment

It eliminated national quotas for immigrants and led to a surge in immigration from Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s.

was heavily dependent on foreign oil.

President Carter helped negotiate Middle East peace agreements between Jordan and Egypt and Israel; Israel agreed to restore its borders with Egypt to their pre-1967 levels.

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

Blitzkrieg relied on rapid, heavily armed forces that quickly penetrated deep into enemy territory.

establish itself as the most powerful nation in the region.

more women were able to find jobs in manufacturing and other nontraditional fields.

One reason France and Britain pursued a policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany in the 1930s

with the Battle of Midway.

Japanese Americans

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In 1948, Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into Berlin.

Distance from West Germany to Berlin would make a military operation difficult

1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

China's entry into the war

Biggest impact on post-war economic prosperity in the U.S.

promoted social welfare programs while reducing defense budgets

A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent.

A march that was attempted three times to protest voting rights, with many peaceful demonstrators injured and killed. Led by MLK. Resulted in Voting Rights Act.

court case involving an African-American student entering the University of Texas School of Law, court ruled that he should allowed to attend with white law students; showed that "separate but Equal" was unconstitutional in higher education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern U.S. in 1961. They wanted to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating and bus terminals and the non-enforcement of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions, which ruled segregated public buses unconstitutional. The Southern states had ignored the rulings and the federal government did not enforce them. Helped push Kennedy towards supporting civil rights.

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

Result of protests at Birmingham and the March on Washington to encourage the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Also known as developing nations; nations outside the capitalist industrial nations of the first world and the industrialized communist nations of the second world; generally less economically powerful, but with varied economies.

committing more troops and taking a more active role in combat activities

a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968.

war was unwinnable and U.S. began to negotiate for peace.

the nation was in disorder and the Democrats had lost control.

President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam War, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

The ability of North Vietnam to reinforce its troops with soldiers arriving from China and the Soviet Union.

Led to South Vietnam's fall to communism

massive increase in student population in schools

protest movement in the 1960s that rejected traditional American values and culture

Abolished the national-origins quotas and providing for the admission each year of 170,000 immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere

Olympic Games for people with developmental disabilities

negatively affected public opinion about nuclear energy and few new plants were constructed

justified President Nixon's establishing relations with nations that the United States opposed ideologically

Radical Iranian students protesting the U.S. continued support of Iran's former dictator stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran and took 66 Americans hostage

nonconformity, personal freedom, racial equality, and self-fulfillment.

prosperity and economic opportunity were increasing.