How was Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the 1860 presidential election a turning point in American history?

Whiskey Rebellion Timeline of Events March 1791: Federalists in Congress succeed in passing an excise tax on domestically distilled liquor. September 1792: The excise tax provokes opposition in frontier areas. July 1794: Following unsuccessful petitions against the excise tax, an armed group in western Pennsylvania attacks a federal marshal. August 7, 1794: Washington as commander in chief calls up the militia in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia to assemble a force of nearly 13,000 men. September 25, 1794: Washington as commander in chief issues a proclamation ordering the militia to assemble and march against the insurgents. November 17, 1794: Hamilton writes to Washington from western Pennsylvania that “the list of prisoners has been very considerably increased, that there is no regular assemblage of the fugitives . . . only small vagrant parties . . . affording no point of attack.” To what extent did the Whiskey Rebellion have a lasting impact on the power of the federal government?

Provided that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Why would Southern planters oppose the Wilmot Proviso?

How did the outcome of the Civil War change the distribution of power and authority between the United States and the state governments?

How did the end of the U.S. Civil War affect American politics?

How did General Sherman’s March to the Sea affect Southern society and the end of the Civil War?

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Fourteenth Amendment, 1868 How did the Fourteenth Amendment affect the American legal system?

That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. Abraham Lincoln, A Proclamation, January 1, 1863 How was issuing the Emancipation Proclamation a turning point in the Civil War?

As a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, . . . the American continents, . . . by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. President James Monroe’s annual message to Congress, 1823 How did President Monroe′s message influence U.S. foreign policy?

How did some families benefit from the Homestead Act of 1862?

The British Empire drove the French out of nearly all of North America with its victory in the Seven Years′ War, 1756–1763, also known as the French and Indian War. Tensions remained between the British and the American Indians on the frontier following the war. As an attempt at compromise, the British government issued the Proclamation of 1763, forbidding the settlement of British colonists west of the Appalachian Mountains. How did this proclamation contribute to colonial unrest leading up to the Revolutionary War?

Dred Scott v. Sandford, March 6, 1857 • declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional • declared that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories • declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts How did the ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) increase sectional tension in the United States?

Education then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is a great equalizer of the conditions of men,—the balance wheel of the social machinery. . . . The greatest of all the arts in political economy is to change a consumer into a producer; and the next greatest is to increase the producing power,—and this to be directly obtained by increasing his intelligence. Excerpt from Horace Mann, Twelfth Annual Report to the Massachusetts Board of Education as Secretary of Massachusetts State Board of Education, 1848 According to this quote, why is education essential to American society?

It shall be lawful for the President of the United States . . . to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States . . . to depart out of the territory of the United States . . . If any person shall write, print, utter, or publish . . . scandalous and malicious writings against the government of the United States . . . they shall be punished by a fine . . . and by imprisonment. Excerpt from the Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 Courtesy of The Avalon Project at Yale Law School How did the Quasi-War with France and the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts affect American politics?

The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. . . . Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice. George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 In his farewell address, how did George Washington attempt to influence the foreign policy of the United States?

American Party Platform (1856) Americans must rule America; and to this end native-born citizens should be elected for all State, Federal and municipal offices of government employment, in preference to all others. Persons born of American parents residing temporarily abroad, should be entitled to all the rights of native-born citizens. No person should be selected for political station (whether of native or foreign birth), who recognizes any allegiance or obligation of any description to any foreign prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the Federal and State Constitutions (each within its sphere) as paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action. The unequaled recognition and maintenance of the reserved rights of the several States, and the cultivation of harmony and fraternal good-will between the citizens of the several States, and to this end, non-interference by Congress with questions appertaining solely to the individual States, and non-intervention by each State with the affairs of any other State. How did the American Party respond to the immigration of Germans in the Midwest and Irish in the East?

In a response letter to John Holmes in April 1820 concerning the Missouri question, Thomas Jefferson wrote: This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the [death] knell of the Union . . . but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper . . . the cession of that kind of property, . . . would not cost me in a second thought, if . . . a general emancipation . . . could be effected . . . but, as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other. Why did Jefferson believe that the passage of the Missouri Compromise would deepen sectional conflict?

INFORMATION WANTED: Of Rosamon Mobley, who formerly belonged to Mr. C. P. Pelham. When heard of, she was going to Sumter to look for her father and mother. Any information will be thankfully received by Susannah Babrige. The Daily Phoenix (Columbia, SC) August 19, 1866 INFORMATION WANTED: Of Marcelia Shorter, colored, formerly of Washington County, Maryland. When last heard from was in New Orleans, Marcelia is aged between 40 and 45, bright mulatto, and kept furnished rooms some twelve years ago in New Orleans. She will hear of a brother by addressing Lloyd Shorter. The Louisiana Democrat (Alexandria, LA) July 27, 1870 INFORMATION WANTED: Of my father and mother, who were when I last heard from them in Murfresboro, Tenn. They were formerly slaves; my father went by the name of Isaac Fisher, and my mother was called Fanny Bowles. Any person knowing the whereabouts of either of the above names persons will please address to me in care of P. A. Bell. Editor Elevator, San Francisco. Thomas Vaughn, Mission, San Jose, Cal. Maryville Republican (Maryville, TN) February 26, 1870 Based on the excerpts, what impact did the breakup of the plantation system have on African-American families in the United States?

There cannot be a clearer demonstration of any thing, than several nations of the Americans are of this, who are rich in land, and poor in all the comforts of life; whom nature having furnished as liberally as any other people, with the materials of plenty, i.e. a fruitful soil, apt to produce in abundance, what might serve for food, [clothing], and delight; yet for want of improving it by labour, have not one hundredth part of the conveniencies we enjoy: and a king of a large and fruitful territory there, feeds, lodges, and is clad worse than a day-labourer in England. Second Treatise on Civil Government by John Locke, 1689 How did the English philosopher John Locke justify English colonization of the New World?

It shall be lawful for the President of the United States . . . to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States . . . to depart out of the territory of the United States . . . The Alien Friends Act, June 25, 1798 If any person shall write, print, utter, or publish . . . scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States . . . they shall be punished by a fine . . . and by imprisonment. The Sedition Act, July 14, 1798 How did the Quasi-War with France and the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts affect American

How was Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the 1860 presidential election a turning point in American history?