definition of systemic anatomy

anatomy of the body based on specific systems

Anatomy of the body based on an area of the body (i.e. the abdomen)

Anatomy of the body based on what can be seen on the body’s surface

anatomy of the body based on area of the body

anatomy of the body based on what can be seen on the bodys surface

study of the function of body parts

Anatomy of the body based on specific systems (i.e. Nervous System)

Anatomy of the body based on an area of the body (i.e. the abdomen)

region of the body based on the axial skeleton (head, vert, pelvis)

Anatomy of the body based on what can be seen on the body’s surface

Anatomy of the body based on specific systems (i.e. Nervous System)

region of the body based on the extremities (arms, legs)

break down and absorb nutrients/ energy from foods

regulate the transmission of hormones through the body

exchange gases with the atmosphere

protect body from dehydration, microorganisms, and injury

transport materials through the body (nutrients, wastes, hormones, etc)

protect, provide structure, movement, blood cell formation, mineral storage

superior and inferior

sup= anything above chest, inf=anything below the neck

cannot be done as the sternum is not part of the extremities

anterior and posterior

ant=chest muscles and skin, post= anythign behind the ribs

med= nothing as the sternum is in the center of the body, lat=anything

dividing the body into left and right portions

dividing the body into top and bottom portions

dividing the body into front and back portions

heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, portion of liver

stomach, small and large intestines, organs, bladder, kidneys

fats, oils, waxes, sex hormones

enzymes, other hormones, muscle tissue

between ribs, pubic symphysis, ends of long bones

where in the skeleton are red blood cells found

in the marrow at the center of long bones

what is a haversian canal

place where blood vessels/ nerves travel

what is the periosteum

surrounding the outside of bones

how can you tell the age of skeletal remains

look at saggital suture in skull, this seals completely at the age of 35

Anatomy final part 1

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Anatomy Final Review - Fall 2019

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Anatomy and Physiology final test

Reading Passage: The Anatomy of a Kill Chain In the lexicon of modern warfare, the term "kill chain" describes the end-to-end process of a military attack, from the initial identification of a target to its eventual destruction and the subsequent evaluation of the strike's effectiveness. Conceptually, the kill chain is a structural model used to understand and optimize the speed and precision of military operations. The fundamental principle of this model is that an attack functions as a sequence of interdependent stages; if any single link in the chain is broken, the entire operation fails. For strategic planners, this creates a dual objective: to accelerate one's own kill chain while simultaneously finding ways to disrupt the adversary's. Strategic Concept: The Kinetic Model (F2T2EA) The traditional military kill chain is often summarized by the acronym F2T2EA, representing a continuous cycle of find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess. The kinetic kill chain begins with Find, the reconnaissance phase where intelligence assets identify a potential target within a theater of operations. Once found, the process moves to Fix, which involves pinning down the target's specific location and ensuring it can be distinguished from friendly forces or non-combatants. Track follows, maintaining a persistent watch on the target's movements to prevent its escape. In the Target phase, commanders select the appropriate weapon system and verify the legality and strategic value of the strike. Engage is the kinetic moment—the actual deployment of ordnance against the objective. Finally, Assess involves battle damage assessment (BDA) to determine if the desired effects were achieved or if further engagement is required. This model emphasizes "compressing the sensor-to-shooter timeline," meaning the faster a military can move through these steps, the more lethal it becomes. The Evolution: The Cyber Kill Chain® As warfare expanded into the digital domain, Lockheed Martin adapted the kinetic model into the Cyber Kill Chain. This framework assists defenders in identifying and stopping Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Unlike a physical missile, a cyberattack often unfolds over weeks or months, but the sequential logic remains the same. The model consists of seven distinct stages: Stage Description of Attacker Activity 1. Reconnaissance The harvesting of information. Attackers research targets via social media, public records, and technical scanning to find vulnerabilities. 2. Weaponization Coupling a remote access trojan with an exploit into a deliverable payload (e.g., a malicious PDF or Microsoft Office document). 3. Delivery Transmission of the weapon to the target environment. Common vectors include email attachments, malicious websites, or USB drives. 4. Exploitation The weapon triggers. The code executes on the victim's system, typically by taking advantage of a software or operating system vulnerability. 5. Installation The attacker installs a persistent backdoor or malware on the victim's system, allowing them to maintain access even after a reboot. 6. Command & Control (C2) The compromised system opens a communication channel back to the attacker's server, allowing the intruder to give manual instructions. 7. Actions on Objective The final stage where the attacker achieves their goal, such as data exfiltration, encryption for ransom, or destruction of critical infrastructure. Strategic Implications for Defense The strategic value of the Cyber Kill Chain lies in its ability to provide a roadmap for "proactive defense." By understanding the sequence, security professionals can implement controls at every stage. For instance, robust email filtering can break the chain at the Delivery stage, while endpoint detection can stop the Installation phase. Crucially, the earlier a defender breaks the chain, the lower the cost of mitigation and the lower the risk of damage. If an attacker is stopped during Reconnaissance, they have gained nothing. If they are stopped during Actions on Objective, the damage may already be catastrophic. In both kinetic and cyber environments, the goal is the same: to create a "defensive depth" that makes the cost of a successful attack prohibitively high for the adversary.

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