Question 1

What is a concept in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A mental category that helps organize information

Answer

A mental shortcut for decision-making

Answer

A framework for organizing thought

Answer

A procedure for solving problems

Question 2

What is a prototype?

Accepted Answer

The best or ideal example of a concept

Answer

A way to solve problems

Answer

A mental shortcut

Answer

A cognitive bias

Question 3

What is an algorithm in problem-solving?

Accepted Answer

A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution

Answer

A framework for organizing thought

Answer

A stereotype used for judgment

Answer

A mental shortcut that allows quick decisions

Question 4

What is a heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A mental shortcut that allows quick judgments

Answer

A step-by-step process that guarantees a solution

Answer

A framework for organizing thought

Answer

A solution to a complex problem

Question 5

Which heuristic leads to errors when we make decisions based on stereotypes or expectations?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Algorithm

Answer

Functional fixedness

Question 6

Which heuristic causes errors when we make decisions based on the first or most vivid example that comes to mind?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Mental set

Answer

Algorithm

Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Question 7

What is the mental set in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

A tendency to approach problems in the same way that has worked in the past

Answer

A mental shortcut that speeds up decision-making

Answer

A stereotype used for making judgments

Answer

A framework for organizing thought

Question 8

How can priming influence decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Priming is when exposure to a stimulus influences responses to a later stimulus

Answer

Priming is when a schema is modified to incorporate new information

Answer

Priming is the tendency to approach problems with old solutions

Answer

Priming occurs when information is presented in a positive way

Question 9

How does framing influence decisions?

Accepted Answer

It influences decision outcomes by how information is presented

Answer

It helps modify schemas to adapt to new information

Answer

It guarantees that all possibilities are considered

Answer

It ensures all decisions are made logically

Question 10

What is the gambler’s fallacy?

Accepted Answer

The belief that past random events affect the likelihood of future random events

Answer

A framework used to solve problems

Answer

The tendency to continue investing in something because of prior investment

Answer

A mental shortcut used to make decisions

Question 11

What is the sunk-cost fallacy?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to continue investing in something because of the time or resources already spent

Answer

A method used to overcome cognitive biases

Answer

A step-by-step process used to guarantee a solution

Answer

A mental shortcut for making decisions quickly

Question 12

What is the difference between divergent and convergent thinking?

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking involves generating many ideas; convergent thinking focuses on finding one correct solution

Answer

Divergent thinking uses schemas; convergent thinking modifies schemas

Answer

Divergent thinking is based on heuristics; convergent thinking is based on algorithms

Answer

Divergent thinking involves finding one correct solution; convergent thinking involves generating many ideas

Question 13

What is functional fixedness, and how does it hinder creativity?

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness is the tendency to use objects only in typical ways, limiting creativity

Answer

Functional fixedness is the belief that the first idea is always the best

Answer

Functional fixedness encourages new ways of thinking

Answer

Functional fixedness helps people solve problems quickly

Question 14

The smallest unit of sound in a language, which can change the meaning of a word, is called a:

Accepted Answer

phoneme.

Answer

lexicon.

Answer

morpheme.

Answer

syllable.

Question 15

Which of the following terms describes the smallest unit of meaning in a language?

Accepted Answer

Morpheme

Answer

Phoneme

Answer

Syntax

Answer

Semantics

Question 16

Which of the following is a stage in early language development when infants begin to string together repetitive consonant-vowel combinations like "ba-ba"?

Accepted Answer

Babbling

Answer

Cooing

Answer

One-word stage

Answer

Telegraphic speech

Question 17

During the telegraphic speech stage, a child is likely to say:

Accepted Answer

"Dog run."

Answer

"I'm going to the store."

Answer

"Da-da-ba-ba."

Answer

"Mama."

Question 18

Grammar includes rules for:

Accepted Answer

the arrangement of words into sentences.

Answer

the tone and volume used in speech.

Answer

the nonverbal gestures used to communicate.

Answer

the meanings of individual words.

Question 19

In the study of language, semantics refers to:

Accepted Answer

the meaning derived from words and sentences.

Answer

the smallest units of sound that can change meaning.

Answer

the nonverbal cues used in communication.

Answer

the rules governing the structure and order of sentences.

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