passing on political culture to next generation

created bicameral legislature

plan based on population represenation presented at Constitutional Convention

plan providing for equal representation at Constitutional Convention

tax bill; only the House of Reps can start them

political organization whose primary goal is to win elections

how much do I understand politics? How much does government care about me?

not affiliated with a party

upper house of Congress; each state gets two members

lower house of Congress; based on population

compromise about how to count slaves for representation in House at Convention

men who wrote the Constitution

two houses

the institution that elects the President of the US

local party organization based on patronage and spoils system

the official policy positions of a party

the more liberal of the two major political parties

the more conservative of the two major political parties

population group that most consistently supports the Democratic Party

a bureaucracy that makes rules; examples: FDA, FCC

bureaucratic agency not directly controlled by executive branch; example NASA

bureaucracy that runs a business; ex. US Postal Service

bureaucracy in President's cabinet; ex. State, Defense, Justice

state legislature draws congressional district lines to favor a particular party

helps President prepare federal budget

department that prints and coins money for Congress

bureaucracy that conducts monetary policy

taxing and spending by Congress

changing the money supply by the Fed

legal document filed by nonlitigant in an attempt to influence a court ruling; "friend of the court" brief

from the Latin "to hold a body;" the right of an American not to be thrown in jail and held without due process

court order calling for lower court to send up documents to Supreme Court

provisions in Bill of Rights that provide guarantee against infringement of basic freedoms by government

equal treatment; protection against discrimination

amendment that allows Court to apply Bill of Rights to states; provides for civil rights

clause of 14th amendment that is used in civil rights cases

clause of 14th amendment that is used in selective incorporation cases

process in which the Supreme Court applies part of the Bill of Rights to state governments

theory that political power in USA is held by rich and powerful minority

theory of politics that all interests are free to compete for influence in government

tax that forces poor citizens to pay a larger share of their income than wealthy citizens

tax that forces wealthy citizens to pay a larger share of their income than poor citizens

government power to purchase property from private citizens for public purposes

rule that says improperly obtained evidence cannot be used in a trial

act that banned soft money donations to national parties

an organization whose main goal is to influence public policy

money donated to political parties, not directly to candidates

money donated by a person to a candidate; limited by federal law

money spent to support a candidate or a cause but NOT affiliated with the candidate

political action committees; political fundraising organizations of interest groups; usually give most of their money to incumbents

"pet" projects that are put into bills that bring federal money to an individual Congressman's constituents

the standing committee that must approve Presidential nominations to federal courts

first 10 amendments of Constitution

powers specifically given to Congress in Article I, section 8; ex. coin money, declare war, fight pirates

powers not specifically given to Congress, but that Congress claims

clause in Article I, section 8 that allows Congress to claim powers not specifically written in Constitution

clause in Article I, section 8 that allows Congress to regulate interstate trade (helps expand Congress' power)

court case in which Supreme Court established judicial review

Court's power to declare a law or executive action unconstitutional

court case that applied 4th amendment protection and exclusionary rule to the states

powers that both states and the federal government have (make laws, run courts, tax, etc.)

powers held by states (marriage, drivers licenses)

free mailing privilege of incumbent members of Congress

current officeholder; usually win reelection

dealmaking by members of Congress to help each other's bills pass; reciprocity

changing the number of members of the House a state gets when the Census reveals population changes

when a state legislature draws up unbalanced congressional districts

election to choose party nominee that requires registration as a party affiliate

election to choose nominee of a party that does NOT require party membership

party meeting in which party members choose nominees for elections; most famous one is Iowa

a bill that declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial- NOT ALLOWED BY CONSTITUTION (a "denied" power)

a law that punishes someone for doing something that was not illegal when they did it; an "after the fact" law; NOT ALLOWED BY THE CONSTITUTION (a "denied" power)

a petition filed when an imprisoned person wants to be brought before a judge to determine if their imprisonment is legal

essays written by Madison, Hamilton, etc. defending the Constitution

committee that resolves differences between House and Senate versions of a bill

permanent subject-matter committees in Congress

small subdivisions of standing committees, they work out the details in bills

system where chairs of committees tend to be senior members of majority party

top leadership position in House of Representatives; power to assign members to committees

top leader position in the Senate; power to schedule bills

the Senator who presides over the Senate when the vice-president is absent

president of the Senate

party leader in Congress who helps keep party members together on key votes

nickname for segregation laws outlawed by Civil Rights Act of 1964

major law passed by Congress that outlawed segregation in public facilities

when one or both houses of Congress are held by a different party than President

an election in which there is a shift in the base of electoral support from one political party to another

bureaucratic positions picked for loyalty to President, primary job is to advise the President; does NOT have to be confirmed by Senate

court case that applied 6th amendment right to counsel to state trials

powers that enable one branch of the federal government to limit another branch's power

Presidential action that blocks passage of a bill

requires President to report to Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops

whoever wins the MOST votes, wins (not necessarily majority)

administrative bureaucratic agency, interest group, and a congressional committee that together make a policy

problem when people benefit from an interest group's efforts without making a contribution

an amendment to a bill

1856 case in which Court ruled African-Americans were not citizens and the federal government could not restrict slavery in territories

test of speech that incites violent action

Congress

action by a president that ends or prevents a person from being punished for a federal crime

person appointed by the President who serves the State Department in foreign embassy

vote by citizens that determines whether they support an action by their state legislature

lawmaking body of a state

executive of a state government

short video clip in a news program

NO

Who picks President when there is a tie in electoral college?

bureacracy that sets and enforces rules about federal campaigns and campaign finance

financial aid grant from Congress to state that specifies what the money must be spent on by the state

a rule created by Congress that states must follow; sometimes unfunded

financial aid from national government that gives the states the broadest discretion in deciding how to spend money

a bill passed by Congress to spend money on something

returning responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level; done with welfare policy in the 1990's

voting for candidates of different parties on the same ballot

role of represenation where members of Congress cast their votes on bills based on what the majority of their constituents want

the first constitution of the USA; created a weak federal government that could not tax; unicameral Congress; no federal courts

this event convinced many in USA that the country needed to strengthen the power of the federal government

power of Senator to talk a bill to death by unlimited debate

vote in Senate to end a filibuster; requires 60 votes

power of a Senator to delay a vote on a bill or nominee by temporarily stopping it to ask for more information

Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill and the president does not sign the bill

services that members of Congress provide for their constituents

act of trying to influence public policy; professionals work on K Street

mass mobilization by interest groups of their members to influence policy

filing of lawsuits by interest groups to influence policy

donating money to candidates to influence policy by interest groups (or individuals)

to formally accuse an official of a crime; power of the House of Representatives

president of the Senate

court case that UPHELD policy of "separate but equal" segregation

court case that overturned Plessy and declared segregation to be unconstitutional

court case that ruled against malapportionment by state legislatures

case in which Court struck down affirmative action quotas

policies designed to promote racial or ethnic diversity

court case that selectively incorporated right to attorney

court case that created "Miranda Rights" for state and local law enforcement officers

case that limited state governments' ability to prevent abortions

court case which decided that executive privilege did not protect presidential records in criminal activities

court case which created establishment clause "test" (entanglement, promoting church)

power of a GOVERNOR to eliminate part of a bill; presidents don't have this power

clause in first amendment that prevents government setting up a church

clause in first amendment that protects a person's right to practice their religion

when government prevents a news organization from publishing a story; unconstitutional except for national security

speech, religion, press, assembly, petition

right to bear arms

no quartering troops

no illegal search/seizure

a court order allowing a search or arrest

due process; no self-incrimination; eminent domain

right to attorney and speedy public trial

no cruel or unusual punishment

powers reserved to the states and the people

slavery prohibited

citizenship; due process clause; equal protection clause

right to vote cannot be denied based on race

authorized federal income tax

popular election of senators by voters

right to vote for women

right to vote for 18 year olds

"let the decision stand" of precedent cases; when the court respects earlier decisions made by other courts

view that Constitution should be interpreted almost literally; that the Constitution limits federal government to specific powers

view that the Constitution should be interpreted flexibly and open to informal changes

practice in which federal courts make sweeping policy decisions that affect the entire country

practice in which federal courts AVOID making policy for entire country

when Presidents ask a state's senators about potential judicial appointments who come from their state

a brief, unsigned decision made by Supreme Court without holding hearings

a conflict between the executive and legislative branch that the Court tries to avoid

the most active court in US history

the attorney who represents the United States Government in Supreme Court cases

an officeholder without political muscle because they are about to leave office

a command by the President that has the force of law

a deal made between the President and a foreign leader that is like a treaty

the right of the President to keep their communications separate from Congress

an appointment made by the President to a position in the bureaucracy when Congress is not in session

the thirteen bureaucratic agencies that are supervised by the President (ex. State, Justice, Defense, etc.)

most powerful standing committee in House; decides which bills will be debated; when they will be on the calendar; and whether amendments can be added

a rule put on a bill in the House that prevents amendments from being added

a rule in the House that amendments must be relevant to a bill

the redrawing of House district lines by a state legislature after a census

the reallocation of the number of representatives each state has in the House of Representatives

spending NOT controlled by annual budget decisions (Social Security, Medicare, interest on the debt)

increased party differences in Congress; prevents bipartisanship

political parties that are not one of the two major parties; ex. Libertarian, Green

electoral rules each state makes that limit minor parties from getting on ballot

the power of standing committees of Congress to check the bureaucracy through hearings and investigations

President's use of media attention to try to appeal directly to citizens to support the President's agenda

a program that provides federal benefits to people who meet qualifications (ex. Medicare, Social Security, Medicaid)

voting rights

an institution that connects citizens to political process (parties and interest groups)

election that generates largest turnout among voters

elections in between Presidential elections; generally lower turnout

a rule that a citizen has to follow in order to vote (ex. registration)

Court case that prohibited school districts from creating a prayer to be recited in public schools; based on establishment clause

two court cases that established that free exercise clause did NOT protect religious acitivites that were violations of the law (polygamy, drug use)

act of Congress that changed welfare programs by giving more control to states and putting time limits on welfare

bureaucracy that makes rules regarding pollution

bureaucracy that makes rules for television, radio, and telephone companies

law passed by Congress that mandated that states provide "equal access" to disabled persons in public facilities

polling data that reveals how the public thinks about a President's job performance

media coverage of campaigns that primarily forcuses on polling data

spoken/written defamatory speech

the percentage of voting age population that actually votes

the most dedicated members of a political party; tend to be the most liberal or conservative; they actually vote in primaries

a formal change to the Constitution

fraction of Congress needed to propose amendment or override presidential veto

fraction of states need to ratify an amendment

a provision in a bill that sets aside money for a specific project

a single issue determines if an interest group will support or oppose a judicial nominee (ex. abortion, gun control)

a proposed law

official approval (Ex. Senate and a treaty; states and a constitutional amendment)

amendment that prevented states from using poll taxes to keep people from voting

official consent of a presidential appointment by Senate (for federal judges and heads of bureaucratic agencies)

polling technique where households are chosen at random

characteristic of the Constitution which allows each branch to exercise power over another branch (ex. veto; impeachment; judicial review)

characteristic of Constitution in which power is divided and shared among state and federal government

characteristic of Constitution in which the power to make laws is given to legislative branch; to enforce laws to executive branch, and to interpret laws to the judicial branch

federal courts with original jurisdiction over federal cases

federal court with only appellate jurisdiction

delegates to Democratic National Convention seated based on other positions they hold, who are formally described as "unpledged party leader and elected official delegates; NOT chosen by primary voters

role of President as head of the US military forces

system of hiring in federal bureaucracy in which people are hired and promoted based on qualifications and job performance; this replaced the "spoils system"

public policies that are being pushed by the federal government and are receiving coverage by news media

voting, running for office, campaigning, campaign contributions, joining interest group, protesting, contacting members of Congress

communication using actions, pictures, etc. without using spoken or written word; protected by first amendment

a ballot containing the names of all the candidates for public office, handed to the voter at the polling station to be marked in secret: so called because it originated "in a land down under."

a convention held every four years by each of the major political parties to nominate a presidential candidate.

nickname attached to the practice of people rotating between government jobs and lobbying jobs in Washington; fuels fears of political corruption

the head of the Justice Department in the United States

primary law enforcement bureaucracy for the federal government

cabinet level bureaucracy in charge of foreign relations and diplomacy

cabinet level bureaucracy in charge of paying federal government's bills, coining and printing money

article number and section number of the part of the Constitution that lists Congress' enumerated powers

bureaucratic agency in charge of collecting taxes for the federal government

Supreme Court case in which a state attempted to tax the Bank of the United States; Supreme Court used case to better define federalism, supremacy doctrine, and elastic clause

the U.S. Constitution, federal statutes, and U.S. Treaties as "the supreme law of the land." The text provides that these are the highest form of law in the U.S. legal system, and mandates that all state judges must follow federal law when a conflict arises between federal law and either the state constitution or state law of any state.

When members of Congress cast votes based on the wishes of their constituents

when members of Congress vote for what's "best for the country" even if it isn't what their constituents want

When members of Congress vote based on their ideologies and political party

the process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages while ignoring opposing viewpoints

1994 congressional election when Republicans took control of Congress. Led to devolution of power to states, welfare reform

a political arrangement in which power is divided between national and state governments in clearly defined terms

a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve problems