The movement of abiotic factors between the living and nonliving components within ecosystems; also known as nutrient cycles (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle).

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run off, transpiration, infiltration. Humans impact this by storing water in reservoirs, irrigation, deforestation, and putting chemicals in it

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

The draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

Flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface

The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again. Humans impact this by burning fossil fuels and cutting down trees,

The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere. Humans impact this by altering the amount of nitrogen that is stored in the biosphere.

The movement of phosphorus atoms from rocks through the biosphere and hydrosphere and back to rocks.

Cyclic movement of sulfur in various chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. Humans impact this by burning coal, natural gas, and other fossil fuels which greatly increases the amount of sulfur in the atmosphere and ocean and depleted the sedimentary rock sink

Atmosphere, surface water, ground water, and living things

Nonliving components of environment.

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment

Where an organism lives and any aspect of the location

Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions

Any form of life. Belongs to any of the 6 kingdoms

Group of organisms of same type that can reproduce to have fertile offspring

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. All abiotic and biotic factors.

Organisms that make their own food from compounds and energy obtained from the environment

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy

A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid

Small, weakly-swimming, free floating organisms

Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms

Photosynthetic algae found near the surface of the ocean

Surface layer where photosynthesis is usually confined to

In shallow and cold waters

The most diverse marine biome on Earth, found in warm, shallow waters beyond the shoreline. Only in waters 18-30 degrees celsius

When human inputs of nutrients from the atmosphere and nearby urban areas accelerate the eutrophication of lakes

The area of land that is drained by a water system

1. Dams, diversions, and canals fragment about 40% of our world's largest rivers

See image

See image

See image

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

Chart that is used to better understand climate by looking at the average temperature and precipitation

An area where evaporation exceeds precipitation and usually has little vegitation. Plants are well adapted to prevent water loss.

Usually occur in the interiors of continents in areas too moist for deserts and too dry for forests. Seasonal drought

Has warm temperatures year round with alternating wet and long dry seasons. Plants have deep root systems, grasses and shrubs. Grazing animals

Treeless arctic or alpine biome characterized by cold, harsh winters, a short growing season, and potential for frost any month of the year; vegetation includes low-growing perennial plants, mosses and lichens

Found around the equator and has a wet and warm climate year round allowing for the growth of a dense canopy of tall trees. Have shallow root systems. Soil is low in nutrients. 40% have been destroyed

Forest in a temperate region, characterized by trees that drop their leaves annually

Subarctic climate with long, cold, dry winters, and short , mild summers. Dominated by coniferous evergreen trees. Plant diversity is low

When organisms use geothermal energy to convert inorganic compounds into carbohydrates

An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Competition among members of the same species

Competition between members of different species

When species competing for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to share resources by using parts of them, using them at different times, or using them in different ways

It does not include a gas phase

Camouflage, speed, packs, poisons, acute senses, claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, etc.

retreat, camouflage, warning coloration, poison, mimicry, spines, thorns, etc.

Temperature and precipitation

A phenomenon in which algae inside corals die, causing the corals to turn white. When this happens, the habitat for the animals are destroyed

Overfishing, fishing using cyanide and dynamite, pollution from sewage and agriculture, massive outbreaks of predatory starfish, invasive species, and sedimentation from poor land use practices

The amount of energy lost through respiration by producers sublated from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels limits this. When the number of links keep increasing, the amount of energy available decreases, as only 10% of energy gets transferred from one trophic level to the next

Percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to another in a food chain or web

A measure of the total dry mass of organisms within a particular region

A pyramid that shows the total amount of energy available at each trophic level

Diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem

The total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time

ponds, lakes, streams, rivers. ***Vital source of drinking water***

a major storage reservoir of carbon

glucose

providing habitats for wildlife

Only 10% of the total energy produced at each trophic level is available to the next level. The amount of energy passed up to the levels of the food pyramid reduces as you go up.

Most abundant gas in the atmosphere

sedimentary rocks from ancient oceans (sediments)

See image

See image

See image

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

sun

is quickly depleted of nutrients when the forest is removed

Strong competition can lead to local elimination of one of the species.

Contain the greatest area of rain forests

Responsible for "fixing" atmospheric nitrogen so it can be used for amino acids, DNA, etc.

1%

The division of environmental resources by coexisting species such that the niche of each species differs by one or more significant factors from the niches of all coexisting species. Example: Birds and seed size