This man was a former slave, self-educated orator, and a leading abolitionist. His autobiography was a best seller in the 1850’s.

This American General most famous for conquering Mexico City during the Mexican War, also later ran for president as a Whig in 1852 (unsuccessfully). His nickname was “Old Fuss and Feathers”

The most well known camp-fire traveling preacher of the second Great Awakening. He is said to have brought 500,000 people to Christ. He was also a leading abolitionist and figure in the temperance movement.

This Kentucky Congressmen started out as speaker of the house, and was a prominent war-hawk leading up to the war of 1812. Later he became “The supreme charmer of American politics” and “The Great Compromiser” by engineering the Missouri Compromise (1820) and the Compromise of 1850. He also founded the Whig political party and (unsuccessfully) ran for president four times.

This Jacksonian Democrat (nickname “Young Hickory”) ran for the presidential election of 1844 on a platform of expansion specifically in favor of acquiring Oregon and annexation of Texas. He also favored a lowered tariff and an independent treasury. He was president during the Mexican War.

The founder of the Mormon religion.

New England teacher and author who traveled around the US and wrote about horrid conditions in prisons and insane asylums. She was an early reformer for awareness of mental illness.

This Confederate General was in command of nearly half of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia from 1861-1863. He engineered the southern victory at Bull Run (Manassas). He also won the battle of Chancellorsville against Joseph Hooker by using some highly unorthodox strategy. Unfortunately for the south, he was killed the night of that legendary victory, depriving them of his military talent.

Union General, who in 1864 marched from Chattanooga, Tennessee to Savannah Georgia. In the process he reaped a trail of destruction 60 miles wide, and captured the Confederate city of Atlanta. He is famous for saying “War is Hell” and for being a pioneer of “total war” to break the enemy’s morale.

This man was a Senator from Kentucky, he proposed a series of Constitutional amendments which would have enshrined all lands below 36’30 to be forever slave. This was a last ditch compromise after the secession of much of the south, and was meant to prevent war. It was not successful.

The President of the Confederate States of America.

One of the greatest orators to ever serve in the U.S. Senate, this Massachusetts Senator took a huge political risk in supporting the compromise of 1850. He was a major Whig leader, and earlier in John Tyler’s unhappy presidency he had served as secretary of state. In that role he had engineered an important treaty with England which finalized Maine and Minnesota’s northern boundaries. He also argued multiple cases before the Supreme Court, including the famous Dartmouth case in 1819.

This man was a fiery intemperate abolitionist. He once publicly burned a copy of the US Constitution and called it a “pact with Satan” because it allowed slavery. He hated slavery and hated his country for tolerating it. His extremism probably discredited the abolition cause. He published the magazine “The Liberator”

French visitor and writer who wrote about America and her uniqueness and positive attributes in his legendary book “Democracy in America”

A semi-literate slave and black preacher who led the largest slave revolt in American History. In 1831 his uprising killed 60 white men, women and children before it was put down. (he was executed)

Author of the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a devastating best seller about slavery.

President of the US from 1853-1857, he was from New Hampshire and regarded by many as “a northern man with southern principles” (a doughface) because although he was from New Hampshire, he favored slavery. He was a weak and indecisive president.

Union Civil War General who begins his campaign in the western theater of the war in Tennessee and then later on the Mississippi at Vicksburg. He was one of the few northern Generals to show a fighting spirit, and so Abraham Lincoln promoted him to the top position in the Union army.

Overall commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia from 1861-1865. He had been offered command of the northern army but decided he could not fight his native Virginia. Although fighting for an unjust cause, he seemed to be an honorable man who personally was opposed to slavery.

General of the Northern Army after its defeat at Bull Run (Manassas), he engineered the attack on Virginia’s “peninsula”. This campaign failed to capture Richmond, the Confederate capital. This General also defeated the southern army at Antietam in Maryland, but as always was too slow and did not fight aggressively enough. He was fired by Lincoln, and later became so embittered that he ran against Lincoln for president in 1864.

This man was a famous Whig turned Republican Senator. He became famous in the debate over the compromise of 1850 by saying that God’s law was a “higher law” than the US Constitution (he was against slavery). He was the most famous Republican candidate in 1860 but had made too many enemies, and the Republicans picked Abraham Lincoln instead. He did go on to distinguish himself as Lincoln’s secretary of state.

This man was a leading figure in the “transcendentalist” literature movement of the early 19th century. He believed that knowledge could not be learned only by experience, but rather by looking within and meditating and finding an “inner light.” He was also a major abolitionist.

This man invented interchangeable parts (a MAJOR development in the coming industrial revolution) and also the cotton gin, a device which saved labor and made cotton cultivation much more profitable.

The leader of the so called “copperheads” or peace democrats during the Civil War. He was arrested and exiled from the country by Lincoln, but he managed to run for office from Canada.

Which of the following is considered a military victory for the North in the Civil War?

California would be admitted to the union as a free state, the territories of the Mexican cession would be able to decide the slavery issue themselves, and the Congress would pass a tough fugitive slave law to keep the south happy. This compromise was called:

The most immediate cause for the beginning of the Mexican war was:

The Aroostook war was a conflict involving:

For what economic reason did the South go into the Civil War very confident?

The religious cult which flourished in the early 19th century, which stressed celibacy and emotional dancing in worship services was:

Which of the following was a “border state” (had slavery but stayed in the union) during the Civil War?

The slogan “54’40 or fight!” would have been expressed mostly in this year’s presidential election:

The expression 54'40' or fight was a reference to this area:

The 1863 battle where the North conquered the last Southern fort on the Mississippi river was:

The “father of popular sovereignty” and author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was:

Which of the following best describes the role Britain played in the American Civil War?

The phrase “underground railroad” refers to:

The Treaty which ended the Mexican War (and resulted in America gaining the “Mexican Cession”) was:

Which year featured a pretty severe economic panic in the United States?

The Civil War battle which caused Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation he had been waiting to do was:

Which of the following third parties which started in the pre-Civil War era was dedicated to nativism, or being against immigrants (and Catholics)?

American slaveholders made serious attempts to conquer more territory to add to that held by slave states. Which Latin American nations did the South make serious efforts to acquire?

The Lecompton Constitution was:

The “burned over district” was a term associated with:

The Temperance movement sought to:

The term “manifest destiny” could best be described as:

The purpose of John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, WV in 1859 was:

What was the name of the Fort that the Confederate militia opened fire on, to begin the Civil War?

Which American city experienced a serious “draft riot” in 1863 against the draft policies of the union government?

In 1848, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other prominent women’s rights activists all met to draft a document calling for greater women’s rights. What was that document called?

The Surrender of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at the end of the war occurred in this town:

Toward the end of the 18th century, a more theologically liberal Christianity emerged in New England. It taught that man was essentially good, and that there was no such thing as the trinity. What was it called?

The “Utopian movement” sought to:

Which of the following social groups in the antebellum American South was most numerous?

“Section 6: when a person held to labor in any State, has escaped into another State, the person to whom such labor may be due ... may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person, either by warrant, ... or by seizing and arresting such fugitive; and ... to use such reasonable force and restraint as may be necessary Section 7: any person who shall willingly hinder from arresting such a fugitive, or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such fugitive from labor, from the custody of such claimant ...; or shall aid, abet, or assist such person ... to escape from such claimant ...; or shall harbor or conceal such fugitive, shall, be subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months ...; and shall pay the sum of one thousand dollars for each fugitive so lost” Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 “Far in the West rolls the thunder – The tumult of battle is raging Where bleeding Kansas is waging War against Slavery” -The New York Tribune, Charles C. Weyman, 1856 Charles Weyman wrote this poem in response to:

“Section 6: when a person held to labor in any State, has escaped into another State, the person to whom such labor may be due ... may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person, either by warrant, ... or by seizing and arresting such fugitive; and ... to use such reasonable force and restraint as may be necessary Section 7: any person who shall willingly hinder from arresting such a fugitive, or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such fugitive from labor, from the custody of such claimant ...; or shall aid, abet, or assist such person ... to escape from such claimant ...; or shall harbor or conceal such fugitive, shall, be subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months ...; and shall pay the sum of one thousand dollars for each fugitive so lost” Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 “Far in the West rolls the thunder – The tumult of battle is raging Where bleeding Kansas is waging War against Slavery” -The New York Tribune, Charles C. Weyman, 1856 The actions described in both excerpts would provide outrage from which of the following groups:

“Section 6: when a person held to labor in any State, has escaped into another State, the person to whom such labor may be due ... may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person, either by warrant, ... or by seizing and arresting such fugitive; and ... to use such reasonable force and restraint as may be necessary Section 7: any person who shall willingly hinder from arresting such a fugitive, or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such fugitive from labor, from the custody of such claimant ...; or shall aid, abet, or assist such person ... to escape from such claimant ...; or shall harbor or conceal such fugitive, shall, be subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months ...; and shall pay the sum of one thousand dollars for each fugitive so lost” Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 “Far in the West rolls the thunder – The tumult of battle is raging Where bleeding Kansas is waging War against Slavery” -The New York Tribune, Charles C. Weyman, 1856 Southerners insisted on the passage of the fugitive slave law mostly because of the success of the:

“It has been settled by the decisions of the highest court in Missouri, that by the laws of that State, a slave does not become entitled to his freedom, where the owner takes him to reside in a State where slavery is not permitted, and afterwards brings him back to Missouri. Conclusion. It follows that it is apparent upon the record that the court below erred in its judgment on the plea in abatement and also erred in giving judgment for the defendant, when the exception shows that the plaintiff was not a citizen of the United States. And as the Circuit Court had no jurisdiction, either in the case stated in the plea in abatement, or in the one stated in the exception, its judgment in favor of the defendant is erroneous, and must be reversed.” - Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 What effect did the above ruling have on previous American legislation regarding slavery?

“It has been settled by the decisions of the highest court in Missouri, that by the laws of that State, a slave does not become entitled to his freedom, where the owner takes him to reside in a State where slavery is not permitted, and afterwards brings him back to Missouri. Conclusion. It follows that it is apparent upon the record that the court below erred in its judgment on the plea in abatement and also erred in giving judgment for the defendant, when the exception shows that the plaintiff was not a citizen of the United States. And as the Circuit Court had no jurisdiction, either in the case stated in the plea in abatement, or in the one stated in the exception, its judgment in favor of the defendant is erroneous, and must be reversed.” - Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 The Court’s ruling in the excerpt is most indicative of which of the following developments in American society during the years leading up to the Civil War?

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.…It is for us, the living…to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us…that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” President Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, July 1863 The passage above best serves as evidence of which of the following?

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.…It is for us, the living…to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us…that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” President Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, July 1863 Which of the following actions of the Lincoln administration best exemplified the belief expressed in the quotation above?

“GENTLEMEN: I have your letter of the 11th, in the nature of a petition to revoke my orders removing all the inhabitants from Atlanta. I have read it carefully, and give full credit to your statements of the distress that will be occasioned by it, and yet shall not revoke my orders.…We must have peace, not only at Atlanta but in all America. To secure this we must stop the war that now desolates our once happy and favored country. To stop war we must defeat the rebel armies that are arrayed against the laws and Constitution, which all must respect and obey.…You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty and you cannot refine it.…But you cannot have peace and a division of our country.…We don't want your negroes or your horses or your houses or your lands or anything you have, but we do want, and will have, a just obedience to the laws of the United States.…I want peace, and believe it can now only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect an early success. But, my dear sirs, when that peace does come, you may call on me for anything. Then will I share with you the last cracker, and watch with you to shield your homes and families against danger from every quarter. Now you must go, and take with you the old and feeble, feed and nurse them and build for them in more quiet places proper habitations to shield them against the weather until the mad passions of men cool down and allow the Union and peace once more to settle over your old homes at Atlanta.” Letter from General William T. Sherman to the Atlanta Mayor and City Council, 1864 United States War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1892). Which of the following most directly resulted from the excerpt above?

“GENTLEMEN: I have your letter of the 11th, in the nature of a petition to revoke my orders removing all the inhabitants from Atlanta. I have read it carefully, and give full credit to your statements of the distress that will be occasioned by it, and yet shall not revoke my orders.…We must have peace, not only at Atlanta but in all America. To secure this we must stop the war that now desolates our once happy and favored country. To stop war we must defeat the rebel armies that are arrayed against the laws and Constitution, which all must respect and obey.…You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty and you cannot refine it.…But you cannot have peace and a division of our country.…We don't want your negroes or your horses or your houses or your lands or anything you have, but we do want, and will have, a just obedience to the laws of the United States.…I want peace, and believe it can now only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect an early success. But, my dear sirs, when that peace does come, you may call on me for anything. Then will I share with you the last cracker, and watch with you to shield your homes and families against danger from every quarter. Now you must go, and take with you the old and feeble, feed and nurse them and build for them in more quiet places proper habitations to shield them against the weather until the mad passions of men cool down and allow the Union and peace once more to settle over your old homes at Atlanta.” Letter from General William T. Sherman to the Atlanta Mayor and City Council, 1864 United States War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1892). The message in the letter above best reflects which of the following continuities in U.S. history?

“GENTLEMEN: I have your letter of the 11th, in the nature of a petition to revoke my orders removing all the inhabitants from Atlanta. I have read it carefully, and give full credit to your statements of the distress that will be occasioned by it, and yet shall not revoke my orders.…We must have peace, not only at Atlanta but in all America. To secure this we must stop the war that now desolates our once happy and favored country. To stop war we must defeat the rebel armies that are arrayed against the laws and Constitution, which all must respect and obey.…You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty and you cannot refine it.…But you cannot have peace and a division of our country.…We don't want your negroes or your horses or your houses or your lands or anything you have, but we do want, and will have, a just obedience to the laws of the United States.…I want peace, and believe it can now only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect an early success. But, my dear sirs, when that peace does come, you may call on me for anything. Then will I share with you the last cracker, and watch with you to shield your homes and families against danger from every quarter. Now you must go, and take with you the old and feeble, feed and nurse them and build for them in more quiet places proper habitations to shield them against the weather until the mad passions of men cool down and allow the Union and peace once more to settle over your old homes at Atlanta.” Letter from General William T. Sherman to the Atlanta Mayor and City Council, 1864 United States War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1892). The excerpt above would be most useful to historians analyzing the:

“2. The perpetuation of the Federal Union and Constitution, as the palladium of our civil and religious liberties, and the only sure bulwarks of American Independence. “3. Americans must rule America, and to this end native-born citizens should be selected for all State, Federal, and municipal offices of government employment, in preference to all others. . . . “9. A change in the laws of naturalization, making a continued residence of twenty-one years, of all not heretofore provided for, an indispensable requisite for citizenship hereafter, and excluding all paupers, and persons convicted of crime, from landing upon our shores; but no interference with the vested rights of foreigners. “10. Opposition to any union between Church and State; no interference with religious faith or worship, and no test oaths for office.” —Platform of the American (Know-Nothing) Party (excerpt), 1856 The ideas in this quotation reflect which of the following continuities in United States history?

“2. The perpetuation of the Federal Union and Constitution, as the palladium of our civil and religious liberties, and the only sure bulwarks of American Independence. “3. Americans must rule America, and to this end native-born citizens should be selected for all State, Federal, and municipal offices of government employment, in preference to all others. . . . “9. A change in the laws of naturalization, making a continued residence of twenty-one years, of all not heretofore provided for, an indispensable requisite for citizenship hereafter, and excluding all paupers, and persons convicted of crime, from landing upon our shores; but no interference with the vested rights of foreigners. “10. Opposition to any union between Church and State; no interference with religious faith or worship, and no test oaths for office.” —Platform of the American (Know-Nothing) Party (excerpt), 1856 Which of the following is NOT considered an important factor in the rise the Know-Nothings in the United States in the 1840s and 1850s?

(Extra Credit): The Massachusetts Senator who was nearly fatally bludgeoned with a cane on the floor of the US Senate was:

(Extra Credit) Which one of the choices correctly lists the northern Democrat chosen to run in 1860 and the southern Democrat chosen to run for president in 1860.

(Extra Credit)The name of the 1861 tariff passed by highly Republican congresses in the north, which raised tariff rates considerably.

(Extra Credit)The American president who later switched parties (from the Democrats) to run as a “Free Soil” candidate in the 1848 election:

(Extra Credit) Which 1864 Civil War battle was the first eastern theater battle where the Union army was commanded by General Grant?

(Extra Credit) Which one of the following figures never commanded the Union Army of the Potomac (main Union army in the east)?

(Extra Credit) All of the following battles are a part of the Overland campaign, a scorched earth campaign led by General Grant against General Lee across the state of Virginia from 1864-1865 EXCEPT: