Question 1

activation energy

Accepted Answer

energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes

Question 2

active transport

Accepted Answer

movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell

Question 3

adaptation

Accepted Answer

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

Question 4

allele

Accepted Answer

the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive

Question 5

amino acid

Accepted Answer

basic building blocks of proteins

Question 6

analogous structures

Accepted Answer

structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function

Question 7

anaphase

Accepted Answer

the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

Question 8

antibiotic

Accepted Answer

compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria

Question 9

antibody

Accepted Answer

a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the body

Question 10

antigen

Accepted Answer

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

Question 11

archaea

Accepted Answer

domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

Question 12

ATP

Accepted Answer

a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells

Question 13

autotroph

Accepted Answer

organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer

Question 14

bacteria

Accepted Answer

domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans

Question 15

bacteriophage

Accepted Answer

virus that infects bacteria

Question 16

base deletion

Accepted Answer

mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein

Question 17

base insertion

Accepted Answer

mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein

Question 18

base-pair substitution

Accepted Answer

a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides

Question 19

behavioral adaptation

Accepted Answer

an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a mate

Question 20

binary fission

Accepted Answer

asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells

Question 21

fetus

Accepted Answer

an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal

Question 22

fever

Accepted Answer

a rise in the temperature of the body

Question 23

fitness

Accepted Answer

the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

Question 24

food chain

Accepted Answer

a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Question 25

food web

Accepted Answer

a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem

Question 26

fossil

Accepted Answer

the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil

Question 27

gamete

Accepted Answer

egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair

Question 28

gene

Accepted Answer

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Question 29

binomial nomenclature

Accepted Answer

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name including the genus and species

Question 30

biodiversity

Accepted Answer

the variety of different species in a given area

Question 31

biomass

Accepted Answer

the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level

Question 32

capsid

Accepted Answer

the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus

Question 33

carbohydrate

Accepted Answer

organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 34

carbon cycle

Accepted Answer

the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again

Question 35

carnivore

Accepted Answer

a consumer that only eats other consumers

Question 36

catalyst

Accepted Answer

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction; like an enzyme

Question 37

cell

Accepted Answer

basic unit of life

Question 38

cell cycle

Accepted Answer

the cycle of growth and reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase (g1, s, g2) and mitosis (division of the nucleus-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) and cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)

Question 39

cell division

Accepted Answer

the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Question 40

cell membrane

Accepted Answer

The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell

Question 41

cell wall

Accepted Answer

a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell; made of carbohydrates

Question 42

cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Question 43

centriole

Accepted Answer

organize the spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during animal cell mitosis

Question 44

centromere

Accepted Answer

area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

Question 45

chlorophyll

Accepted Answer

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Question 46

chloroplast

Accepted Answer

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Question 47

chromatid

Accepted Answer

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

Question 48

gradualism

Accepted Answer

a model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity

Question 49

habitat

Accepted Answer

the place where an organism lives

Question 50

haploid number

Accepted Answer

half the normal number of chromosomes; found in sex cells

Question 51

herbivore

Accepted Answer

consumer that eats only producers; also called a primary consumer

Question 52

heterozygous

Accepted Answer

having two different alleles for a trait

Question 53

homeostasis

Accepted Answer

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 54

chromosome

Accepted Answer

condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide

Question 55

climax community

Accepted Answer

a relatively stable long-lasting community reached in a successional series

Question 56

codon

Accepted Answer

in RNA, a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid

Question 57

commensalism

Accepted Answer

symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Question 58

competition

Accepted Answer

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

Question 59

concentration gradient

Accepted Answer

difference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane

Question 60

conclusion

Accepted Answer

a summary of what you have learned from an experiment

Question 61

consumer

Accepted Answer

an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms

Question 62

crossing over

Accepted Answer

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

Question 63

cytokinesis

Accepted Answer

division of the cytoplasm

Question 64

cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Related quizzes

Related quizzes