The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that uses energy provided by ATP or a difference in electrical charges across a cell membrane

Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules into and out of cells; Also known as transport proteins

The basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms. Cells have three common components: genetic material, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. Eukaryotic cells also contain specialized organelles

The measure of the amount or proportion of a given substance when combined with another substance

The graduated difference in concentration of a solute per unit distance through a solution

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration; a natural result of kinetic molecular energy

A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane

An organelle, containing folded membranes and sac, responsible for the production, processing, and transportation of materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell

A type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus, specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, and a mitotic nuclear division cycle

A process in which a cell releases substances in the cytoplasm, and a mitotic nuclear division cycle

Located outside the cell

A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of a carrier (transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for the final stages of processing proteins for release by the cell

The regulatory process in which an organism regulates its internal environment

A regulatory mechanism that contributes to maintaining a state of equilibrium (example - thermoregulation, water regulation, and oxygen regulation)

Not permitting a substance or substances

Located inside the cell

A membrane bound organelle in eukaryotic cells functioning to maintain the integrity of the genetic material and, through the expression of that material, controlling and regulating cellular activities

A subunit within a cell that has a specialized function

The movement of water or another solvent through permeable membranes from an area of higher water concentration (dilute) to an area of lower water concentration (concentrated)

The transportation of materials across a plasma membrane without using energy

A thin phospholipid and protein molecule bilayer that encapsulates a cell and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell membrane through active or passive transport

Any of several molecular mechanisms in which ions or molecules are transported across a cellular membrane requiring the use of an energy source (example - glucose, sodium (NA+), Calcium (Ca+2), and potassium (K+))

A cellular structure composed of RNA and proteins that it the site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells