Question 1

You are investigating the relationship between an ear tick and a pronghorn in a prairie. What type of relationship are you most likely investigating?

Accepted Answer

parasite/host

Answer

predator/prey

Answer

producer/consumer

Answer

biotic factor/abiotic factor

Question 2

The diagram shows a pond ecosystem. What is true of the marsh grass and the grasshopper?

Accepted Answer

The marsh grass is a producer and the grasshopper is a consumer.

Answer

The marsh grass is a herbivore and the grasshopper is a carnivore.

Answer

The marsh grass is a predator and the grasshopper is a prey.

Answer

The marsh grass is a host and the grasshopper is a parasite.

Question 3

The following graph shows what happens to the population of native birds and spiders on a small island after a new species of snake is introduced to the island. Based on the graph, what can you infer about the relationship between the populations on the island?

Accepted Answer

The snakes are predators who prey on the birds, and the birds are predators who prey on the spiders.

Answer

The snakes are predators who prey on spiders, and the spiders are predators who prey on the birds.

Answer

The snakes are predators who prey on both the spiders and the birds.

Answer

The snakes and birds are both predators who prey on spiders.

Question 4

What unique adaptation might be crucial for an organism in an estuary but not necessary for an organism in a freshwater ecosystem?

An estuary is defined as a water passage where the tide meets a river current especially : an arm of the sea at the lower end of a river. Basically where the ocean meets the river.

Accepted Answer

special glands to remove excess salt

Answer

fins for swimming

Answer

structures to attach to rocks

Answer

gills to get oxygen from water

Question 5

Some kinds of bacteria can photosynthesize. Do the bacteria in this food web photosynthesize? Why or why not?

Remember: Photosynthesis means the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. If a plant photosynthesizes then THEY MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD!

Accepted Answer

No, they consume plant leaves

Answer

Yes, they form the base of the food chain

Answer

Yes, they are primary consumers

Answer

No, they are top predators

Question 6

Monogenean worms are parasites that live on the gills of groupers. How will this affect the groupers?

Accepted Answer

the groupers will be harmed

Answer

the groupers will be hunted

Answer

the groupers will not be affected

Answer

the groupers will be helped

Question 7

A fish in the deep ocean has a lure that lights up to attract mates and prey. Why would it need this adaptation?

Hint: Recall conditions in the deep ocean ecosystems. Relate these conditions to the fish's adaptations.

Accepted Answer

Sunlight does not penetrate into the deep ocean.

Answer

Many organisms hunt in the deep ocean, so this helps the fish compete.

Answer

Fish cannot see far in the extreme pressures found in the deep ocean.

Answer

The light provides heat in the cold waters of the deep ocean.

Question 8

Following a short-term change to the environment, which traits are most likely to be passed onto the next generation?

Accepted Answer

traits that help individuals to survive and reproduce in the changed environment

Answer

traits that increase rates of extinction in the changed ecosystem

Answer

traits that allow species to avoid natural selection in a changed environment

Answer

traits that allow new species to form in different environments

Question 9

The graph shows changes in the population of predator and prey over time. Which best explains why the population of prey increased near the end of the timeline shown on the graph?

Accepted Answer

Fewer predators were hunting the prey

Answer

Fewer prey were reproducing

Answer

More prey were competing for resources

Answer

More predators moved into the area

Question 10

Which of the following investigations studies how an organism in an aquatic ecosystem depends on an abiotic factor?

Accepted Answer

a study of fish swimming in water

Answer

a study of fish eating algae

Answer

a study of fish seeking shelter behind a plant

Answer

a study of fish mating with another fish

Question 11

Which would be the most direct cause of an increase in the cacti population?

Accepted Answer

The population of kangaroo rats decreased

Answer

The population of coyotes increased

Answer

The population of shrubs decreased

Answer

The population of insects increased

Question 12

The diagram shows the mangrove swamp food web. Molds are consumed by some organisms. They are also decomposers in the ecosystem. How would the food web change to show the role of the mold as decomposers?

Accepted Answer

If the small fish died, an arrow would point from the small fish to the mold.

Answer

If the snail population increased, the arrow between the mold and the snail would be reversed.

Answer

If the bacteria population increased, an arrow would be added between the bacteria and the mold.

Answer

If the mangrove leaves died, the arrow between the mold and mangrove leaves would be erased.

Question 13

Immediately after a forest fire, the primary consumers in the area would compete most for which biotic factor?

Accepted Answer

Food

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Space

Answer

Sunlight

Question 14

There are three different species of plants shown. Species Z can successfully share the same environment with the other plants shown because Species Z absorbs water -

Accepted Answer

near the soil surface, and species y absorbs water found deep in the underground

Answer

found deep underground, and species x absorbs water near the surface soil

Answer

found deep underground, and species x absorbs water deep underground

Answer

near the soil surface, and species y absorbs water near the soil surface

Question 15

Plants that live on the floors of densely populated forests must compete for sunlight. Which type of leaves are most likely found on plants that are best suited to living on the floor of a dense forest?

Accepted Answer

leaves with the greatest amount of surface area

Answer

leaves that are needle shaped

Answer

leaves that store the greatest amount of water

Answer

leaves that are smallest

Question 16

Researchers are studying lichens growing on trees in a forest ecosystem. At the beginning of the study, the researchers identified twelve lichen species in the forest. Later, a forest fire happened in the study area. The researchers returned to the area and found only six lichen species. What inference is best supported from the researchers' observations?

Accepted Answer

Certain lichen species are better adapted to survive forest fires than others

Answer

Forest fires will permanently remove certain species from ecosystems

Answer

The biodiversity in a forest increase after a fire

Answer

Most lichen species are unaffected by forest fires

Question 17

To fight a bacterial infection a patient was given an antibiotic to take for 10 days. After the patient finished taking the antibiotics as directed, almost all bacteria was killed. After another 10 days, the patient was sick again with the same kind of infection. What most likely happened?

Accepted Answer

Some of the bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic, and they reproduced

Answer

a few bacteria survived the antibiotics and stopped reproducing

Answer

the antibiotic slowed the life cycle of the bacteria

Answer

the patient's high fever inactivated the antibiotic, allowing the surviving bacteria to grow rapidly

Question 18

A coastal area that once supported a thriving fishing industry is over-fished. The number of species found living in the marine ecosystem decreases. Which of these activities is most likely to increase the natural biodiversity in the area?

Accepted Answer

building artificial reefs and limiting fishing activity

Answer

introducing non-native species to fill unoccupied habitats and banning fishing

Answer

building artificial reefs and increasing fishing activity

Answer

eliminating non-native species and encouraging fishing for large predatory fish

Question 19

In an energy pyramid, what best describes how energy flows?

Accepted Answer

Energy is transferred from organisms in one level to those in the level above

Answer

The energy lost at each level is consumed by organisms in the top level

Answer

Energy is transferred down each level of the energy pyramid

Answer

Organisms at the bottom level provide energy directly to organisms in all the other levels

Question 20

A barnacle attaches itself to the back of a whale to soak in the nutrient-rich water. The whale is unaffected. What relationship does this describe?

Accepted Answer

commensulism

Answer

parasitism

Answer

predation

Answer

mutualism

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