the ______ ribozyme self cleaves phosphodiester bond

______ DNA attacks mRNA directly and can be used as a RNA-degrading therapeutic

in duchenne muscular distrophy patients ______ ______ can be used to make a shortened version of the distrophin protein

a tRNA carries the ____

all amino acids are ____ position

in amino acids, the nucleophile is _____

the 3' end of tRNA is _____

amide bond formation requires _______ the acid, because it is not a _____ _____ _____

_____ is a good H bond acceptor and donor, and is very stable

_____ is used in mRNA based vaccines

Type 1 tRNA synthetase transfer to ____' hydroxyl and type 2 to ____'

________ is a bad leaving group

there is ____ synthetase for each amino acid

____ is also a start codon

Which is false of TGF-beta

Which is false of ribosomes

the ______ site is a nucleophile

the ______ site is an electrophile

________ stop syntheis of peptide by recognizing stop codon and bringing H2O as a nucleophile

______ physically blocks the exit tunnel to stop protein synthesis

_____ _____ are proteins responsible for proper tRNA loading

if correct tRNA is encountered by EF-1alpha, hydrolysis of ____ to ___ occurs

EF-1beta is responsible for 

how does ricin shut down synthesis in the sarcin-ricin loop

______ has a pka of 5.5 so is a good nucleophile because it can be deprotonated at neutral pH

the _____ _____ has high atom economy,tolerates mild conditions and is highly selective

______ means it does not react with naturally occuring functional groups in biology

______ are RNA or DNA sequences that bind specific target (protein or small molecule)

______ can take any kind of activated amino acid and load it on tRNA

peptides are directional, read ____ to _____

a ______ has a seperate positive and negative charged groups, amino acids are these

If pKa is less than pH, henderson hasselbalch ratio is ____ than 1 and is _______

If pKa is greater than pH, henderson hasselbalch ratio is ____ than 1 and is _______

3 hydrophobic interactions

2 polar interactions

_____ is added at N terminus and _____ at C terminus

5'OH is a better nucleotide because

when carbodiimide is used _____ is the leaving group

in peptide synthesis ____ is acid labile protecting group and _____ is base labile

the solid for peptide synthesis is _____ _____ resin

You need a _____ to cleave peptide from resin, so ______ protecting group has risk of some being cleaved

the advantage to peptide nucleic acid

____ _____ _____ forms a new bond between exteins, cysteine does N-S acyl transfer

a ______ group blocks reactivity of a site and can be removed later

a ______ group makes a molecular fragment reactive