10 parts gold by weight and 14 parts some other element (usually copper)

50% gold by weight

How many naturally occurring elements did God create?

the lowest temperature theoretically possible; all molecular motion ceases

The value determined by many measurements made by reliable sources; would most likely be a published value. (Also called the theoretical value)

how close a measured value is to the TRUE or ACCEPTED value of the quantity being measured

the period below lanthanides, very unstable

An attraction between molecules of different substances

Individuals who mixed lots of stuff together to make new things

Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

2 valence electrons; group 2

a mixture of a metal with at least one other element- strengthens the structure

Starch molecules that are smaller and easier to digest.

Building blocks of protein

A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern

A general statement about what happened during the experiment

an atom that gains an electron and has a negative charge (usually nonmetals)

Chemicals used to prevent reaction of food with oxygen

the desire for food.

The size of a 2-dimensional surface; l x w

static

Force exerted by the weight of the air

a Greek word meaning "incapable of being cut"

The sharing of valence electrons between different atoms to help the atoms get full valence rings with 8 electrons

number of protons and neutrons in an atom

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, it is also the same as the number of electrons in an atom

A high energy molecule that can be split apart to release energy for many different processes in living things.

When atoms are repelled by each other they want to move _______ from each other

Starch formed from long rigid chains of glucose that are bound tightly together.

discovered that electrons follow an orbit/shell

a simple drawing that shows the numbers and locations of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom

electrons orbit the nucleus in certain orbits similar to the way planets orbit the sun

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

If temperature is kept constant, then as pressure increases, volume decreases

copper and zinc

a mixture of copper and tin

built the first spectroscope

The ability or tendency to float in water, air or some other fluid

Unit for the amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down.

an insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes

A nutrient that supplies energy for your body's functions. Can be simple or complex.

Class of energy giving nutrients that include starches, fibers and sugars

cast iron, steel, and wrought iron differ only by the amount of this element in them

Minerals that contain combinations of Carbon and Oxygen. Used in cement, building stones and fireworks.

an atom that loses an electron and has a positive charge (usually metals)

c; hundreth; 10^-2

device to separate substances by spinning them at high speed

discovered the neutron

When atoms are attracted to each other or repelled by each other

the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases

The force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them

a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

a way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and other symbols

describe how substance will interact with other substances: flammability, radioactivity, sensitivity to light, oxidation, toxicity.

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

one or two letters that represent an element

The study of the properties of matter and how matter reacts with other matter and the environment.

A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.

A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.

The process of grouping things based on their similarities

an attraction between molecules of the same substance

A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out.

contains all 9 of the essential amino acids.

starches found in rice, grains, seeds, and nuts.

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

A _____ element contains at least 2 different elements together

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

The temperature that makes a gas turn into a liquid.

To change from a gas to a liquid

A material's ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow.

Changing only one variable at a time in an experiment.

what metal is mixed with gold to give it strength?

Deterioration of a material due to interaction with its environment.

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

discovered that atoms of the same element have the same mass

discovered nitrogen

A technique used to separate a liquid from a solid by gently pouring the liquid from one container to another, leaving the solid in the original container.

d; tenth; 10^-1

A serious reduction in the body's water content.

Mass divided by volume.

See image

2 forms of Carbon

A molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

To make a liquid less concentrated

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

To replace matter with another kind of matter or to move matter

method used to find the volume of irregular shaped objects

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

Russian chemist responsible for the periodic table

A nucleic acid found in the nucleus of all living cells, which carries the organism's hereditary information.

A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons

The ability of a material to be hammered thin or stretched into wire without breaking

The ability of an object to carry electric current

a subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is found orbiting the nucleus

electrons can be anywhere in the clouds like region around the nucleus.

symbol of an element surrounded by the number of dots that equal the number of valence electrons element has

the simplest pure substances, and they cannot be broken down into any other substance (the periodic table); the "building blocks of matter"

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend.

See image

The capacity to do work

A region of an atom in which electrons of the same energy are likely to be found

The level where the electron spends its time buzzing around the atom

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

discovered the dense core of the atom (Gold Foil Experiment)

To change from a liquid to a gas

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation to see what happens.

Understanding through observation and measurement.

A value obtained when performing an experiment; (it's the value YOU obtain or calculate)

the lens you look through on a microscope, magnifies the object 10x

A nutrient that supplies energy, forms cells, maintains body temperature, and protects nerves.

vitamin that is stored in fat.

Building Blocks of Lipids

Chemical action of yeast on sugars which produces carbon dioxide gas

A type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants and is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system.

Matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed, they can only change form.

Increases the way you perceive the food's flavor without changing the actual flavor of the prepared dish.

Federal agency formed in 1913 that approves all foods and drugs for sale in the US.

A food calorie is equal to 1,000 metric calories

simplest ratio of the ions represented in an ionic compound

Separation of many substances in a mixture by heating, using the fact that they have different boiling points.

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid.

When a liquid has turned into a solid

coating iron with zinc to keep it from rusting using electricity

A form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape.

Matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; has particles that move at high speeds in all directions.

results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object; due to collisions of gas particles with the object

An elastic substance, formed from proteins present in wheat flours, that gives structure and strength to baked goods.

Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.

the coinage elements

a metric system standard of measure for mass

Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called family

Alkali metals.

Alkaline earth metals

A column of elements that have the same number of valence electrons

transition metals

Highly reactive nonmetals found in family/group 17.

most reactive nonmetals; 7 valence electrons; group 17

Water that contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.

element found on sun before being found on earth

discovered hydrogen

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas over the liquid.

A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture

The process of maintaining a steady state inside the body.

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

The mechanical process that keeps milk from separating. This process breaks up the fat molecules into tiny bundles so they stay suspended in the liquid of the milk instead of floating to the top.

first person to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity

the need for food.

in Mendeleev's time, atomic wt. was based on this element

A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon. An educated guess.

Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other

lacking some essential amino acids.

A compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base

not able to dissolve.

A charged atom

a chemical bond in which a metal atom loses an electron to form a positive cation and a nonmetal atom gains an electron to form a negative anion

When an atom becomes an ion it forms bonds with other ions

A compound that consists of positive and negative ions

metal used by the aztecs that fell from the sky

famous scientist born the same year Galileo died (1642)

The atoms with a different number of neutrons

When atoms are attracted to each other they want to __________.

came up with thew modern method for the symbol writing an element

discovered carbon dioxide

a temperature scale devised so there are no negative temperatures; the lowest temperature is absolute zero

k; thousand; 10^3

The energy of motion

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Matter is neither created nor destroyed

Meters (m)

a diagram for representing an atom's valence electrons using dots around the element symbol.

Scaly deposits formed by precipitation of calcium and magnesium.

Fats and oils used for long term energy.

A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.

base standard measure of volume in the SI system

Basic unit of volume in the metric system

this element generates a lot of electricity for its light weight

Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

11/12 silver and1/12 other metal usually copper

able to be hammered into thin sheets

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

The new number of nucleons in an atom

Anything that takes up space and has mass

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

created one of the first periodic tables by using atomic mass

The curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the liquid and convex when not.

element used in barometers and some thermometers

The chemical process by which the body breaks down food to release energy.

shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors

Are element with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals

shooting stars

a basic unit of length in the metric system; length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second

system of measurement based on multiples of ten

millionth; 10^-6

an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells, typically magnified several hundred times.

m; thousandth; 10^-3

A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil; needed by the body in small amounts.

THE MOST COMMON FORM OF SOLID MATERIAL FOUND IN THE EARTH'S CRUST.

(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Used to determine the hardness of a mineral

A group of atoms bonded together

A molecule that serves as a building block of a polymer.

n; billionth; 10^-9

element that occurs somewhere on Earth

A view of creation that excludes any supernatural being, such as God.

The atoms that God made (94)

Neutrally charged particles in an atom

SI unit for force

Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)

brittle , dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity

Macromolecules that contain genetic information needed for making proteins

Together, protons and neutrons

A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

The central core of an atom which contains protons and neutrons

A substance in foods that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.

Magnifies the specimen

An act of noting and recording what you hear, touch, taste, smell and see

The chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell.

Science that can be observed and reproduced.

An area of science that tries to answer questions about the past.

A customary unit of weight. 16 ounces equal 1 pound

Measuring volume by measuring the water overflows when an object is placed in a completely full container

charge of the monatomic ion

Compounds formed when oxygen combines with another element (i.e. rust)

the element necessary for combustion

process that prevents iron from rusting

A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food.

A calculation comparing a value obtained by you to a scientifically accepted, established value

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

horizontal row in the periodic table

repeating chemical and physical properties change in a repeating pattern with the elements' atomic numbers

A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by their properties.

mixture of tin and lead

A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

Compounds that contain the element phosphorus and oxygen

a change in a substance that does not change its identity

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

The branch of science that studies the nature and properties of matter and energy

ions that are made of more than one atom and can be positive or negative

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

A molecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together.

the base English unit for weight

A dissolved substance that comes out of a solution due to either a change in temperature or volume

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

how close a set of measurements are to each other

something used or added to foods to keep or slow them from spoiling

The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.

Characteristics of matter that helps identify or classify matter

The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

The positively charged particles in an atom

a substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties.

descriptive; examples: hot, cold, heavy, light, big, blue, furry

an observation made using your five senses. It also uses NO numbers.

measurements which involve determining a numerical value

number and scale; ex. 32 meters

elements that give off particles

A starting material in a chemical reaction

A chemical property that describes how likely an element is to form bonds with or reacts with other elements.

A type of nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose.

an element cannot be made by combining 2 or more elements

discovered the proton

The total amount of dissolved salts in a water sample.

unable to dissolve any more solute

Fats that are solid at room temperature, such as the fat in meats, poultry skin, and foods made from whole milk. They increase blood cholesterol levels and the risk of heart disease.

a series of steps followed by scientific investigators to answer specific questions about the natural world

a method of writing very large or very small numbers using exponents with base 10

a well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations

A person who uses observations and a systematic method to study the physical world and how everything works

The settling of substances at the bottom of a liquid

A system of scientific measurement used worldwide and based on metric system standards of measurement

all of the numbers in a measurement which are known plus one which is estimated

minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements

sugars found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk.

A term used in the English System to measure mass

two elements that are members of the alkali metals

In this state of matter the particles are tightly linked together. They vibrate. The colder it gets the closer together the molecules get and the less they vibrate. This state of matter holds its own shape.

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.

Substance being dissolved

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

the individual finger paint all elements and compounds have

Complex carbohydrate

Changing from a liquid to a gaseous vapor. When water is heated it forms a white mist of minute water droplets in the air (steam).

a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms

(chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

A disaccharide made of glucose + fructose; Table sugar

Like and invisible "skin" that is formed because water molecules have special bonds that hold them together.

A mixture containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed

not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92

A measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the particles in a sample of matter

What are the letter(s) on the periodic table called?

The ability of an object to transfer heat

discovered the electron

1 to 2 valence electrons; group 3-12

Allowing light to pass through

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

an estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value

standard quantities used to specify measurements

Fats that are liquid at room temperature, such as the fat in vegetable oils, nuts, fish, and olives.

A liquid's resistance to flow

A nutrient that is made by living things, is required in small amounts, and assists in chemical reactions in the body.

The amount of space an object occupies; l x w x h

vitamin that cannot be stored in the body and needs to be replaced daily.

The effect of gravity on mass; differs from earth to space to moon, etc.

Man-made elements ( there are 25)

chain of amino acids that alone or with other such chains makes up a protein

chain of monosaccharides that makes up a complex carbohydrate such as starch

molecule in lipids in which carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

Number of electrons that the second and third energy level can hold

Substances composed of one or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition. Ex: hardness, color, conductivity.

A change during which some properties of a material change but the composition of the material. EX: boiling

A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter. Ex: burning

A mixture of different substances that remain physically separate. Ex: saltwater

A mixture that is uniform in composition throughout. Ex: air

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules or atoms of the substance are completely dispersed.

The tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond. Increases moving across, and decreases moving down.

A group in an experiment that is used for comparison.Ex.A group of plants that are grown without miracle-gro.

The group exposed to the factor being tested.Ex.A group of plants that are grown with miracle-gro.

molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges.Ex.Water molecule