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Crystals
Quiz by Vanitha G PSGRKCW
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Minerals and Crystals Lesson 16.8 Salts, Crystals and Their Uses in Daily LifeMinerals, crystals and the rock cycleZones in epiphyseal cartilage (regions of cellular activity) Zone 1: Zone of Resting cartilage Zone 2: Zone of proliferating cartilage Chondrocytes aligned as aggregates in lacunae Zone 3:Zone of hypertrophic cartilage Cells enlarge; matrix compressed into bands Zone 4: zone of calcified cartilage Cells calcify the matrix (hydroxyapatite crystals formed); undergo apoptosis Zone 5: Zone of ossification Vessels invade region; osteoblasts deposit osteoid on calcified spicules of cartilage forming woven bone; remodeled as lamellar boneOsteoclasts Very large, multinucleated blood monocytes; ruffled border if active Located in depression of resorbed bone - Howshipâs lacunae (aka resorption cavities) Function: bone resorption during bone growth and remodeling Digest collagen; dissolve calcium salt crystals Receptors for calcitonin (from thyroid gland) and for OSF (osteoclast-stimulating factor-1)1. What calm area near the Equator is characterized by minimal wind movement? Answer: Doldrums 2. What are visible accumulations of tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the air called? Answer: Clouds 3. Which cloud type is high, thin, and made of ice crystals? Answer: Cirrus 4. What do we call the apparent deflection of winds and currents due to Earthâs rotation? Answer: Coriolis effect 5. In which hemisphere do storms rotate clockwise? Answer: Southern Hemisphere 6. What are winds that blow consistently from one direction over a specific area called? Answer: Prevailing winds 7. What is the area where prevailing winds meet called? Answer: Convergence zone 8. Which wind zone blows from the polar regions toward the mid-latitudes? Answer: Polar easterlies 9. In which hemisphere do storms rotate counterclockwise? Answer: Northern Hemisphere 10. Which wind zone blows from west to east across the mid-latitudes? Answer: Westerlies 11. What are the calm areas around 30° north and south latitude with little precipitation called? Answer: Horse latitudes 12. What winds blow toward the Equator from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere? Answer: Trade winds 13. Which cloud type is mid-level and blankets the sky, often bringing overcast weather? Answer: Stratus 14. Which cloud type is puffy and can bring heavy rain or snow depending on height? Answer: Cumulus 15. What prefixes indicate the height of clouds in the atmosphere? Answer: Cirro-, alto-, nimbo-BONE MATRIX (OSTEOID) Inorganic matter Calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, magnesium, etc. Calcium and phosphorus form hydroxyapatite crystals Organic matter Type I collagen (90%) Ground substance of proteoglycan aggregates and multiadhesive glycoproteins (e.g., osteonectin) Mixture of minerals with collagen fibers (i.e., hydroxyapatite crystals are deposited in the gap regions along the collagen fibers) produces the hardness and resistance of bone.Flake off in thin sheets, a process called exfoliation. Exfoliation contributes to the formation of bornhardts, one of the most dramatic features in landscapes formed by weathering and erosion. Bornhardts are tall, domed, isolated rocks often found areas. in tropical Sugarloaf Mountain, an iconic landmark in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is bornhardt. a Salt also works to weather rock in a process called haloclasty. Saltwater sometimes gets into the cracks and pores of rock. If the saltwater evaporates, salt crystals are left behind. As the crystals grow, they put pressure on the rock, slowly breaking it apart. Plants and animals can be agents of mechanical weathering. The seed of a tree may sprout in soil that has collected in a cracked rock. As the roots grow, they widen the cracks, eventually breaking the rock into pieces. Over time, trees can break apart even large rocks. Even small plants, such as mosses, can enlarge tiny cracks as they grow. Animals that tunnel underground, such as moles and prairie dogs, also work to break apart rock and soil. Other animals dig and trample rock aboveground, causing rock to slowly crumble. Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering changes the molecular structure of rocks and soil.