A contraction of “you all,” the pronoun “y’all” has long been used as a plural version of “you” in the South and in Black communities around the US. In recent decades, mostother English-speaking communities in the US have begun to use “y’all.” What explainsits rise in popularity? Many varieties of English have no pronoun that specificallyaddresses more than one person and instead must use “you” to address both oneperson and more than one. But “y’all” always refers to two or more people. As a result,it conveys the speaker’s meaning more precisely than “you” can.

[1] Which question does the text most directly attempt to answer?

Many believe that lullabies, characterized by their less steady beat, contain someacoustic features that are universally calming to infants. In a study, Constance M. Bainbridge and colleagues played both a lullaby sung in the Western Nahuatl languageand a non-lullaby sung in the Serbian language to a group of infants. The researchersalso measured the infants' heart rates, as a reduced heart rate is considered a measureof relaxation. They claim that the lullaby did indeed relax the infants.

[2] Which finding, if true, would most directly support Bainbridge and colleagues claim?

"Aunt Sue's Stories" is a 1926 poem by Langston Hughes. In the poem, the speaker indicates that the stories Aunt Sue tells are based on Aunt Sue's personal experiences, saying that _____

[3] Which choice most effectively uses a quotation from "Aunt Sue's Stories" toillustrate the claim?

Among the most visited art museums in the world, the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid hadapproximately 4.4 million visitors in 2019. The Museo Reina Sofia also offers virtual tours thatart lovers can view online for free. Although there were initial concerns that people whoviewed the virtual tours would then consider an in-person visit unnecessary, museumadministrators claim that their surveys of in person visitors show that those concerns wereunjustified.

[4] Which statement, if true, would most directly support the administrators' claim?

Cane is a 1923 novel by Jean Toomer. In one portion of the novel, Toomer uses figurativelanguage to connect the narrator's urban environment of Washington, DC, and the rural Southof the narrator's past, writing _____

[5] Which quotation from Cane most effectively illustrates the claim?

Life Among the Paiutes is an 1882 autobiographical narrative by Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins.In the work, Winnemucca directly addresses the reader to establish her authority andcredibility, writing _____

[6] Which quotation from Life Among the Paiutes most effectively illustrates the claim?

The food industry has long used thermal technologies to preserve food in large batches. Recent advancements in infrared heating were made through research in Mexico on thepreservation of bean flour. Infrared heating is generally considered to be animprovement over more conventional thermal preservation methods: whereasconventional methods transfer energy from the surface of a food to its interior, infraredheating uses high-intensity infrared light to generate heat within the food itself, thusreducing industrial cooking times.

[7] Based on the text, what is one disadvantage of some conventional thermalpreservation methods?

A film studies student is researching early 20th-century film serials, which consisted ofindividual episodes of a single long story that were shown weekly in theaters. Clancy ofthe Mounted is a 1933 serial that, over its 12 episodes, kept its audience interested withthe suspense and drama that are typical of the northern adventure genre. The student, however, claims that ultimately audiences of the time preferred resolution and closureover ongoing tension.

[8] Which finding, if true, would most directly support the student's claim?

Elaine Ostrander led an international study of domestic dogs with Kevin Bevant andother researchers to explore what causes very small breeds, such as Pomeranians, to beso small. Scientists once thought that smaller dogs came about only after humansstarted deliberately breeding dogs within the last 12,000 years. But Ostrander's teamclaims that a certain genetic mutation strongly affects dog size and that the mutationexisted long before humans started breeding dogs.

[9] Which finding, if true, would most directly support the team's claim?

Neurobiologists Laura Cuaya, Raul Hernandez-Perez, and colleagues investigated thelanguage detection abilities of eighteen dogs. The researchers monitored the brainactivity of Kun-kun (a border collie), Bingo (a mixed breed), and other dogs while theanimals listened to three recordings: one of The Little Prince being read in Spanish, thesecond in Hungarian, and a third made up of short, randomly selected fragments of thefirst two, scrambled so that they didn't resemble human speech. Each dog was familiarwith either Spanish or Hungarian, but not both. The team concluded that differences indogs’ anatomical features may affect their ability to distinguish speech from nonspeech.

[10] Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly support the team'sconclusion?