Question 1

Which of the following is a central tenet of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?

Accepted Answer

Each stage of development involves a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Answer

Cognitive development occurs in fixed stages.

Answer

Social development is solely based on parental influence.

Answer

Personality is fully formed in early childhood.

Question 2

What is the primary focus of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

The role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development.

Answer

Learning is primarily a solitary activity.

Answer

Biological factors are the main determinants of learning.

Answer

The stages of cognitive development occur independently of culture.

Question 3

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the main characteristic of the concrete operational stage?

Accepted Answer

Children begin to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation.

Answer

Children use symbols and language but lack logical reasoning.

Answer

Children can only think abstractly and hypothetically.

Answer

Children are egocentric and cannot understand others' perspectives.

Question 4

What is a key characteristic of attachment theory as proposed by John Bowlby?

Accepted Answer

Attachment behaviors are biologically programmed and serve the purpose of survival.

Answer

Human attachment is similar to that of all other mammals without any unique aspects.

Answer

Attachment is primarily learned through reinforcement.

Answer

Attachment styles are fixed and cannot change over time.

Question 5

What is the primary focus of the behavioral perspective in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

The role of environmental factors in shaping behavior through conditioning.

Answer

The influence of genetics is the sole factor in personality development.

Answer

Innate biological factors determine behavior.

Answer

Development is a product of cognitive processes alone.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the concept of a 'growth mindset' according to Carol Dweck's theory?

Accepted Answer

Believing that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work.

Answer

Focusing solely on talent rather than effort in achieving success.

Answer

Emphasizing the importance of competition over collaboration.

Answer

Believing that intelligence is a fixed trait that cannot change.

Question 7

What does the term 'identity crisis' refer to in Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

A period of uncertainty and confusion in which a person's sense of self is challenged.

Answer

An event that only occurs during childhood.

Answer

A time when an individual has a clear and stable sense of identity.

Answer

A situation where a person completely rejects societal norms.

Question 8

According to Lev Vygotsky, what is the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD)?

Accepted Answer

The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance.

Answer

The maximum potential that a child can achieve in isolation.

Answer

A fixed measure of a child's intelligence at a certain age.

Answer

The level of development a child can reach on their own, without any assistance.

Question 9

What is the primary focus of developmental research on 'adverse childhood experiences' (ACEs)?

Accepted Answer

The long-term psychological and physiological impacts of traumatic experiences in childhood.

Answer

Positive experiences in childhood are harmful to development.

Answer

Childhood experiences have no significant effect on adult health.

Answer

ACEs only influence academic performance.

Question 10

What is the primary significance of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Accepted Answer

They describe how people's ability to make moral judgments evolves across different stages of life.

Answer

They emphasize cultural influences in the development of aggression.

Answer

They focus only on children's moral reasoning during early childhood.

Answer

They state that moral reasoning is fixed and unchangeable.

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