A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side

Surface waves that shear the ground in a horizontal direction. Can only travel through solids. Third to arrive.

Surface waves that travel in a backward-rotating, elliptical motion, causing both vertical and horizontal ground movement. Can travel through solid, liquid, and gas. Fourth to arrive. Dangerous.

A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other.

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.

A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions

Earth's outermost layer.

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.

A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth

A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth

the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs

2nd layer of atmosphere; extends from 10 to 30 miles up; location of ozone layer; absorbs 95% of Ultraviolet radiation; temperature increases with altitude increase.

The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere

The outer layer of the thermosphere, extending outward into space.

the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the height at which the atmosphere ceases to have the properties of a continuous medium. The thermosphere is characterized throughout by an increase in temperature with height.

the lower part of the thermosphere, where electrically charged particles called ions are found

Change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over periods of decades

An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back

The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.

process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

the process of burning something

the using up of a resource

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

Broken down to glucose to provide energy.

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect.

Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.

Human-induced changes on the natural environment

Includes the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, produced by business processes and systems.

a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis.

CH4 (g)

Parts per million - measuring system for the amount of substance present.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, panel of scientists and researchers has been one of the main bodies in environmental control and standards in the international community

Sign of global warming, ocean levels intrude on coastal areas causing large amounts of flooding

destruction or disruption of Earth's natural habitats, most often due to human actions such as agriculture, forestry, mining, and urbanization

mathematical models that are not exact predictions of weather conditions but attempt to imitate Earth's climate to estimate what might happen

decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

CaCO3

mollusks that have two shells held together by hinges and strong muscles

snails, slugs, nudibranchs

the skeletons of tiny sea animals

Forms an endosymbiotic relationship with corals and performs photosynthesis.

Describes an organism that remains attached to a surface for its entire life and does not move

A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.

A phenomenon in which algae inside corals die, causing the corals to turn white.

tree growth is influenced by climate conditions, patterns in tree rings and isotopic composition of materin within each ring reflect variations in past climate

method for studying climate change by drilling cores in ice caps and glaciers that have build up over thousands of years

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

social, economic, environmental

Factors, such as infant mortality, life expectancy, income, sanitation, and education, that indicate quality of life in a country.

using resources in such a way as to maximize the production of goods and services

the removal of carbon from fossil-fuel combustion and storage of the carbon, usually underground

use other fossil fuel or better quality

The potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

7x that of solar but only a quarter of hydro

photovoltaic cells (transparent wafer semiconductor that creates an electric current when sunlight hits it) attached to a roof, are wired together resulting in a DC current that can be stored in batteries or used directly as AC power

A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans.

actions that increase the absorption and storage of CO2 in Earth's ecosystems

Fuels, such as ethanol or methanol, that are created from the fermentation of plants or plant products.

Carbon stored in new forests

a dark brown drink made from ground coffee beans and boiled water

grown under forest