The first psychology laboratory was established by ________ in the year ________.

Which explanation is best when describing the biological approach to psychology?

In the evolutionary approach to psychology, the psychologists

Identify the best explanation for psychodynamic approach

The behavioral approach is the most studied field in psychology because it 

Which explanation is best when identifying the cognitive approach to psychology 

The humanistic approach mainly 

This psychologist, known for his psychodynamic theories, coined the terms id, ego, and superego

Which of the following is not an advantage of a psychological case study 

Which research method gives you the greatest chance to gather information from many people based on self-reporting?

The greatest advantage to naturalistic observation is

The experimental factor that is manipulated is called

The variable that may change in response to manipulations

Junita does not feel like getting out of bed, has lost her appetite, and feels tired for most of the day. Which of the following neurotransmitters likely is in short supply for Junita?    

When there is a negative charge inside an axon and a positive charge outside it, the neuron is

Phrenology has been discredited, but which of the following ideas has its origins in phrenology?  

Morphine elevates mood and eases pain, and is most similar to which of the following?  

Neurotransmitters cross the ________ to carry information to the next neuron.

What neurotransmitters are most likely in undersupply in someone who is depressed?   

What part of the brain triggers the release of adrenaline to boost heart rate when you’re afraid?   

A gymnast falls and hits her head on the floor. She attempts to continue practicing, but has trouble maintaining balance. What part of her brain has probably been affected?   

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as the brain’s train hub, because it directs incoming sensory messages (with the exception of smell) to their proper places in the brain? 

The hypothalamus is a(n) _________ center for the brain. 

What occurs when experiences influence our interpretation of data? 

What principle states that to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a minimum percentage rather than a constant amount? 

Tyshane went swimming with friends who did not want to get into the pool because the water felt cold. Tyshane jumped in and after a few minutes declared, “It was cold when I first got in, but now my body is used to it. Come on in!” Tyshane’s body became accustomed to the water due to

What do we call a mental predisposition that influences our interpretation of a stimulus?  

Light’s _________ is the distance from one wave peak to the next. This dimension determines the _________ we experience

What do we call the specialized neurons in the occipital lobe’s visual cortex that respond to particular edges, lines, angles, and movements? 

What do we call the transparent, protective layer that light passes through as it enters the eye? 

What type of hearing loss is due to damage to the mechanism that transmits sound waves to the cochlea?

Which of the following reflects the notion that pitch is related to the number of impulses traveling up the auditory nerve in a unit of time?  

Sensing the position and movement of individual body parts is an example of which sense? 

What do we call awareness of our environment and ourselves?

Which of the following is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience?  

Lynn is teaching learning. Every time she claps her hands, Charlie turns off the light. When Randy claps in approval of Lynn’s presentation, Charlie does not turn the light off. What concept has Charlie demonstrated?   

Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and 

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus

Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the bell. What principle does this illustrate?

The work of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson fits best into which of psychology’s perspectives? 

What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer? 

Which of the following best describes a discriminative stimulus?   

Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely is known as what? 

All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except . . .

What do we call it when the CR decreases as the CS is repeatedly presented alone? 

What do we call the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response? 

What do we call behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?  

Superstitious behavior can be produced by careful manipulation of a classical conditioning experiment. .  .

What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive promised rewards or to avoid threatened punishment?   

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher’s name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

Working memory is most active during which portion of the information-processing model? 

our memory of which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the capacity of short-term and working memory?   

Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?  

What two parts of the brain are most involved in explicit memory?

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the relationship between emotions and memory? 

Which of the following is an example of flashbulb memory? 

Juan returns to his grandparent’s house after a 10-year absence. The flood of memories about his childhood visits is best explained by which of the following? 

Which of the following is an example of the primacy effect? 

Which of the following is the best phrase for the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution? 

Which of the following is the best term for mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing? 

What is another term for a methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem? 

Which of the following is the tendency to search for supportive information of preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence? 

What is another word for the way an issue is presented to you? 

When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?