"Adaptation" in climate science is best defined as:

A. The process of emitting greenhouse gases

B. Adjustments in systems to reduce harm or benefit from climate changes

C. Reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

D. Creating stricter environmental policies

"Albedo" is the measure of:

A. Earth’s core temperature

B. The amount of solar energy absorbed by land

C. The reflectivity of a surface

D. The Earth’s water cycle efficiency

"Anthropogenic" changes are those caused by:

A. The atmosphere

B. Human activities

C. Marine ecosystems

D. Natural disasters

The "Greenhouse Effect" is:

A. A cooling process involving cloud formation

B. Heat being trapped in Earth's atmosphere by gases

C. The reflection of sunlight by the ocean

D. The absorption of solar radiation by the ozone layer

"Carbon Tax" is a fee placed on:

A. Industrial water usage

B. Carbon content in fuels

C. Gasoline emissions only

D. Food production emissions

"Carbon Trading" is a system designed for:

A. Managing fuel prices for consumers

B. Reducing carbon emissions through buying and selling allowances

C. Determining the carbon content in household products

D. Encouraging fossil fuel usage

The "Ozone Layer" primarily:

A. Protects Earth from infrared rays

B. Absorbs the Sun's ultraviolet radiation

C. Reflects sunlight back into space

D. Traps carbon dioxide

"Radiation" is:

A. The emission or transmission of energy as waves or particles

B. The reflection of sunlight from Earth’s surface

C. The process of heat absorption by land

D. The effect of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere

"Offset Schemes" are programs that:

A. Balance emissions by funding emission-reducing projects

B. Increase the amount of fossil fuels in an area

C. Track global pollution levels

D. Regulate deforestation

"Conduction" involves the transfer of heat:

A. Through water vapor only

B. By direct contact through a substance

C. Through gases in the atmosphere

D. By emitting greenhouse gases

The "Energy Budget" describes:

A. The total amount of solar radiation absorbed by plants

B. The balance between incoming and outgoing energy on Earth

C. The energy needed to sustain global oceans

D. The carbon footprint of a nation

"Long-wave" radiation typically refers to:

A. Infrared radiation emitted by Earth

B. Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun

C. Radiation from industrial emissions

D. Visible light waves from stars

"Geo-engineering" refers to:

A. Building new types of eco-friendly vehicles

B. Large-scale interventions in Earth's systems to reduce climate change effects

C. Drilling techniques for oil extraction

D. Planting trees in urban areas

"Feedback Loop" in climate science means:

A. Repeating seasonal weather patterns

B. A system where outputs affect future outputs, like melting ice influencing climate

C. The cycle of precipitation and evaporation

D. Carbon emissions being recycled

"Carbon Intensity" measures:

A. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere

B. The amount of carbon per unit of energy or output

C. The carbon footprint of a specific product

D. Carbon dioxide emissions per person

The "Biosphere" includes:

A. Only Earth’s oceans

B. All regions where living organisms exist

C. Earth's core and mantle

D. Only the land surface

"Mitigation" in environmental science refers to:

A. Efforts to reduce climate change impacts, like emissions reduction

B. The natural adaptation of ecosystems to new climates

C. Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by photosynthesis

D. Changing sea levels due to climate change

The "Atmosphere" is:

A. A layer of water covering Earth

B. A layer of gases surrounding Earth

C. The solid rock on Earth's surface

D. The oceanic layer near the poles

"Evaporation" is the process of:

A. Water vapor turning into clouds

B. Water turning into vapor due to heat

C. Vapor forming into ice

D. Water seeping into the soil

"Short-wave" radiation refers to:

A. Radiation emitted by the Sun in the form of visible and ultraviolet light

B. Heat trapped by greenhouse gases

C. Infrared radiation from Earth's surface

D. Energy absorbed by the ocean

"Terrestrial" in environmental science refers to:

A. Marine ecosystems

B. Anything related to Earth's land

C. Astronomical objects outside Earth

D. The atmosphere surrounding Earth

"Solar" energy is:

A. Energy produced by the Moon

B. Energy from the Sun

C. Energy created by plants

D. Energy stored in fossil fuels

"Convection" describes the transfer of heat:

A. By direct contact only

B. By the movement of a fluid such as air or water

C. Through radiation in space

D. By sound waves

"Global Dimming" is caused by:

A. Increased sunlight absorption

B. A decrease in sunlight reaching Earth due to pollutants

C. Increased heat retention by oceans

D. Reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

"Emissions" are:

A. Pollutants released into the air, like carbon dioxide

B. Energy emitted from the Sun

C. The movement of ocean currents

D. Heat trapped in Earth’s core

The "Hydrosphere" includes:

A. Only lakes and rivers

B. All water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and ice

C. Only underground water reserves

D. Clouds in the atmosphere

A "Biome" is best described as:

A. A single species of plant or animal

B. A large ecological area with distinct climate, flora, and fauna

C. A geological rock formation

D. A small community of organisms within a habitat

"Infrared" radiation is:

A. The visible light spectrum

B. A type of long-wave radiation felt as heat

C. Short-wave UV radiation from the Sun

D. Solar energy absorbed by the ocean

The "Biosphere" consists of:

A. Non-living ecosystems only

B. All regions of Earth occupied by living organisms

C. The layer of Earth’s outer crust

D. Only plant life in rainforests

"Mitigation" in regards to climate change involves:

A. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions

B. Taking steps to reduce or prevent negative environmental impact

C. Building new urban infrastructure

D. Relocating populations from high-risk zones