Connects sensory and motor neurons, makes up the brain and spinal cord

Carry impulses away from the cell body

The semi-permeable cell surface that controls which substances can enter or exit the cell.

Contains DNA and regulates all processes in the cell

Bring information to the neuron

A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.

Hold the neurontransmitters until stimulated to be released

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons

A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of neuron in the nervous system.

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma

A neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse.

A neuron that sends an impulse to an effector neuron on a muscle or gland, causing a reaction

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Covers the axon of neurons and helps speed neural impulses

A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement due to a lack of dopamine and an excess of acetylcholine, no cure

Balance problems, shaking hands, small hand writing

A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by an abnormal electrical pattern that is disrupted by sudden and synchronized bursts of electrical energy

Autosomal dominant inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Ataxia, vision problems, pain, fatigue, and impaired coordination.

Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues

Involuntary and often self-protective movements

Condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; also known as Lou Gehrig disease

A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning

Stimuli to spinal cord

Carriers signals away from CNS

The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell 30mV

Positive charge on the outside, negative on the inside -70mV

A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.

A neurotransmitter that affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood.

Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.

Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell.

A neuron with one axon attached to its soma; the axon divides, with one branch receiving sensory information and the other sending the information into the central nervous system.

Many dendrites but no axon, help in visual processes

Waxy chunks of insoluble tissue found in brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease

Chronic autoimmune disease mediated by acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junction.

Proteins in the membrane whose role it is to pass molecules that cannot go through the membrane, passive transport

A measure of the time from the onset of a stimulus to a response

A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction

The path over which the reflex travels which typically includes a receptor, sensory or afferent neuron, interneuron, motor or efferent neuron, and effector.