a type of cloth or woven fabric

A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

company that the British granted a monopoly on the tea trade in the colonies as well as a portion of new duties to be collected on tea sales

Urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed and overcrowded.

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

A breakthrough invention by Thomas Savery in 1698 and Thomas Newcomen in 1705 that burned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump; the early models were superseded by James Watt's more efficient steam engine, patented in 1769.

The process of making a raw material into a finished product; especially in large quantities.

In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.

This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. (643, 727)

Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Measures contributing to cleanliness and good health

a combustible black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits and widely used as fuel.

A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically.

long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

an economic system in which individuals own and operate the majority of businesses that provide goods and services

derived from Karl Marx; a political and economic system that seeks to create a classless society in which the major means of production, such as mines and factories, are owned and controlled by the public.

1825; decided to create such a utopian community in New Lanark, Scotland. Owen reformed the textile mill industry at New Lanark and provided workers with good living conditions, a 10-hour day, free school for their kids, and other incentives designed to encourage good work; founder of Utopian socialism

A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer.

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

First to achieve a sustained, controlled flight in a powered airplane

Invented the seed drill

Invented the cotton gin

sewing machine

Inventor of the telephone

Invented the light bulb

An English engineer who created the Bessemer process, a process of producing steel, in which impurities are removed by forcing a blast of air through molten iron.

Father of Communism

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.

Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819).

United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)

developed a steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines

He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories.