can be assigned to any entity that seeks to borrow money—an individual, a corporation, a state or provincial authority, or a sovereign government.

is a form of commercial advertising which is economically viable because email is a very cost-effective medium for the sender.

The act of connecting to a mail transfer agent (SMTP is one example) and falsifying the information you are required to provide, in order to cause mail to appear to have come from someone other than yourself.