A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter

A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.

Rocks that undergo a physical change due to extreme heat and pressure

Formed from the compaction and cementation of sediment

the mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals. Breaks rocks into smaller pieces but does not change the rock

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes

Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are carried away

Gravity, running water, waves, wind, groundwater, and glaciers.

Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.(due to lowered energy)

Term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands.

These two forces work together to transform metamorphic rocks deep inside Earth's crust.

processes that form sedimentary rock

Cools inside Earth underground. Many colors, cools slowly, minerals separate.

rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface

set of natural processes that form, change, break down, and reform rocks.

when exposure to oxygen causes iron minerals to rust

this precipitation dissolves concrete, kills fish and plants

physical grinding of rock fragments

The amount of the rock exposed to the environment

Plants grow in cracks in rock, the roots break the rocks apart

A constant process of breaking down objects on the Earths Surface

Sulfur oxides + rain = acid rain.

What a rock is made of. One of 3 factors that determines how fast a rock will weather.

Water leaks into cracks in a rock, freezes/expands, break rock apart.

Water destroys minerals, making new rocks

Carbon dioxide + water = Carbonic acid. It dissolves rocks in the soil

A time when all of the continents were one land mass

shapes of continents fit together like _________

A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.

Where two continental tectonic plates move toward each other

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.

A zone of hot, partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic.

The process by which plate tectonics produces new oceanic lithosphere at ocean ridges.

The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface.

an area where tectonic plates move sideways past each other

Glaciers were found in southern Africa and South America as well as India and Australia

A boundary that is covered by ocean water.

A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

continental drift + sea-floor spreading

the excavation of the earth for the purpose of extracting ore or minerals

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.

Destruction of vegetation caused by too many grazing animals consuming the plants in a particular area so they cannot recover

the growth of cities and the number of people living in those cities

The use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.

Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain