Lithosphere-Weathering & Erosion and Soil

the physical disintegration of rock, resulting in smaller fragments

the mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices

an accumulation of rock debris at the base of a cliff

type of weathering caused by reducing pressure on a rock surface, allowing slabs of outer rock to break off in layers

the processes by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the removal and/or addition of elememts

same as mechanical weathering

the layer of rock and mineral fragments that nearly everywehre covers Earth's surface

a combination of mineral and organic matter, water, and air; that portion of the regolith that supports plant growth

a layer of soil that has identifiable characteristics produced by chemical weathering and other soil-forming processes

a vertical section through a soil showing its succession of horizons and the underlying parent material

soil of humid regions characterized by the accumulation of iron oxides and aluminum-rich clays in the B horizon

soil associated with drier regions and characterized by an accumulation of calcium carbonate in the upper horizons

a red, highly leached soil type found in the tropics that is rich in oxides of iron and aluminum

the downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity

occurs when rocks or rock fragments fall freely through the air; common on steep slopes