Developing and performing marketing activities across national boundaries

The market value of a nation’s total output of goods and services for a given period; an overall measure of economic standing

A duty levied by a nation on goods bought outside its borders and brought into the country

limit on the amount of goods an importing country will accept for certain product categories in a specific period of time.

A government’s suspension of trade in a particular product or with a given country

Government restrictions on the amount of a particular currency that can be bought or sold

The difference in value between a nation’s exports and its imports

The concept that morality varies from one culture to another and that business practices are, therefore, differentially defined as right or wrong by particular cultures

An alliance that merges Canada, Mexico, and the United States into a single market

An alliance that promotes trade among its member countries in Europe

An alliance that promotes the free circulation of goods, services, and production factors, and has a common external tariff and commercial policy among member nations in South America

An alliance that facilitates open trade and economic and technical cooperation among member nations throughout the world

A free trade agreement between 15 nations in the Asia-Pacific that is made up of nations in the ASEAN trade bloc plus five of their free trade partners.

An alliance that promotes trade and economic integration among member nations in Southeast Asia

An entity that promotes free trade among member nations by eliminating trade barriers and educating individuals, companies, and governments about trade rules around the world

Selling products at unfairly low prices

The purchase of products from a foreign source

The sale of products to foreign markets

A company that links buyers and sellers in different countries

An alternative to direct investment that requires a licensee to pay commissions or royalties on sales or supplies used in manufacturing

The practice of hiring a foreign firm to produce a designated volume of the domestic firm’s product, or a component of it, to specification; the final product carries the domestic firm’s name

The practice of contracting noncore operations with an organization that specializes in that operation

The practice of moving a business process that was done domestically at the local factory to a foreign country, regardless of whether the production accomplished in the foreign country is performed by the local company (e.g., in a wholly owned subsidiary) or a third party (e.g., subcontractor)

The practice of contracting with an organization to perform some or all business functions in a country other than the country in which the product will be sold

A partnership between a domestic firm and a foreign firm or government

Partnerships that are formed to create a competitive advantage on a worldwide basis

A situation in which a company owns subsidiaries or other facilities overseas

A firm that has operations or subsidiaries in many countries