major change in European thought characterized by new theories and questioning of accepted beliefs.

idea that the sun is the center of the universe

document declaring American Independence from Britain, written to reflect the ideas of natural rights.

agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights.

first ten amendments to the constitution

European monarch who were inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect rights of people.

system of government in which power is divided between the national and state governments.

European movement in which thinkers attempted to change aspects of society.

scientists that developed the theory of motion

believed in natural rights and that people could learn from experience and improve.

author of the Declaration of Independence

a sudden takeover of a government

period of Robespierre's rule

a social class of people in France before the Revolution

French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate

the burning of fields and slaughtering livestock so that enemy troops would find nothing to eat.

complete set of laws set up by Napoleon that eliminated many injustices

assembly of representatives from all three estates

promise made by Third Estate representatives to draw up a new constitution.

weak leader who came to the French throne in 1774

military leader who seized the French government and assumed dictatorial powers.

economic system based on private ownership and people invest money to make a profit

form of economy in which all factors of production is owned by the society as a whole

belief that business should be owned by society as a whole

great increase in the machine production that began in England in the 18th century

city building and the moving of people to cities

economic theory that argues that the government should not interfere with business affairs- hands off

philosopher who defended laissez-faire economics

German economic thinker who wrote about a radical form of socialism

belief that one race is superior to others

an area in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment

the right to vote

legal of social separation of people of different races

the adding of a territory or region to an existing area

control by a strong nation over a weaker one for political or economic reasons.

gave the U.S. the right to be an "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere

policy which all nations would have equal opportunity to trade with Japan

a system of government in which power is divided between the national and state governments.

A governmental group that is elected by the people to represent them and writes laws.

He was placed on trial by the Catholic Church for arguing the sun was the center of the solar system

Argued for a divided government with three branches to prevent the abuse of power

Argued that men were naturally bad and a strong authoritarian government was needed to maintain order.

To prevent conflict, European powers met to divide the continent of Africa

The process by which people adopt the customs and attitude of the prevailing culture.

A large company owned by stock or shareholders

Small one room apartment housing shared by the entire family in the inner cities.

a network of trade routes connecting Europe, West Africa, and the American Colonies

European country that settled and officially ruled the 13 colonies

Conflict between Great Britain and FRance over the control of North America

By law colonists were forced to house anc are for British soldiers

European country that assisted the 13 colonies during the American Revolution

Part of the Transatlantic trade network that carried Africans from West Africa to the West Indies and North America

A British tax on printed papers: legal documents, licenses, and newspapers.

The British Government attempted to stop settlement west of the Appalachian and protected Native American lands.

In protest to the British Tea Act, colonist dressed like Indians and dumped British tea into the harbour

The British legislature that passed laws limiting the freedoms of the 13 colonies

General of the continental army and elected the first preside of the United States

Wrote the pamphlet "Common Sense" arguing for independence from Great Britain.

Known as the "Father of the Constitution" he also wrote several of the Federalist Papers.

King of Great Britain during the American Revolution

A network of secret routes and safe houses to help slaves escape the southern slave state and reach the free states and Canada.

President of the United States during the Civil War

Jefferson doubled the size of the US in 1803 where he bought land from France for only 15 million dollars

Guarantees "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizenship and equal protection under the law.

Victorious general of the Union Army by the end of the Civil War.

In 1848, the US added the territory of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah.

Southern states that formed a government and fought during the American Civil War.

Northern states and army during the Civil War

The famous turning point in the Civil War that occurred in PA. This battle is where the confederates were defeated and forced back to Virginia.

Commanding general of the Confederate Army