Module 1 America, Africa, and Europe before 1500

a strip of land connecting Alaska with Russia that emerged from the water around 38,000 B.C.E.

the first Americans who crossed from Asia into North America sometime between 38,000 and 10,000 B.C.E.

the movement of people from one region to another.

a person who hunts animals and gathers wild plants to provide for his or her needs

the climate and landscape that surrounds living things

the common values and traditions of a society, such as language, government, and family relationships

above-ground houses made of heavy clay called adobe that were built by Native Americans of the southwestern United States

underground ceremonial chambers at the center of Anasazi communities

images of ancestors or animal spirits; carved onto tall, wooden poles by Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest

cone-shaped shelters made of buffalo skins used by Native Americans in the Plains region

related to ancestry traced through the maternal, or mother's, line

a political confederation of five northeastern Native American nations of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga that made decisions concerning war and peace

a group of people from northern Africa

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

a pilgrimage to Mecca made by devout Muslims