Question 1

What bond links nucleotides in the DNA backbone?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester

Answer

Peptide

Answer

Glycosidic

Answer

Hydrogen

Question 2

2. Which base is unique to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Question 3

3. Enzyme responsible for DNA unwinding?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Answer

RNase H

Answer

Ligase

Question 4

4. Sugar present in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose

Answer

Ribose

Answer

Galactose

Answer

Glucose

Question 5

5. Base pairing rule for DNA?

Accepted Answer

A–T, C–G

Answer

A–C, T–G

Answer

G–T only

Answer

A–U, C–G

Question 6

6. Enzyme that lays down RNA primers?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Answer

Polymerase II

Answer

Telomerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 7

7. DNA synthesis occurs in which direction?

Accepted Answer

5' → 3'

Answer

3' → 5'

Answer

Bidirectional only

Answer

Random

Question 8

8. RNA synthesis occurs by which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Telomerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 9

9. Which base replaces thymine in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Xanthine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Hypoxanthine

Question 10

10. What stabilizes the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Van der Waals only

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Metallic bonds

Question 11

11. DNA strands are described as?

Accepted Answer

Antiparallel

Answer

Identical

Answer

Parallel

Answer

Perpendicular

Question 12

12. Chromatin + protein complex is called?

Accepted Answer

Nucleosome

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Centrosome

Answer

Histamine

Question 13

13. Histones are rich in which amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Lysine & Arginine

Answer

Alanine & Glycine

Answer

Proline & Phenylalanine

Answer

Valine & Leucine

Question 14

14. The start codon for translation?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Answer

UAG

Answer

UAA

Answer

UGA

Question 15

15. tRNA carries amino acids at the?

Accepted Answer

3' CCA end

Answer

5' cap

Answer

Variable loop

Answer

Anticodon loop

Question 16

16. Which mutation does NOT change the amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Silent

Answer

Frameshift

Answer

Missense

Answer

Nonsense

Question 17

17. Mutation that creates a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense

Answer

Missense

Answer

Silent

Answer

Conservative

Question 18

18. Polymerase that synthesizes leading strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA Pol III

Answer

DNA Pol I

Answer

Primase

Answer

RNA Pol II

Question 19

19. Polymerase that removes primers?

Accepted Answer

DNA Pol I

Answer

Primase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

DNA Pol III

Question 20

20. Lagging strand fragments are called?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Answer

Shine–Dalgarno pieces

Answer

Pribnow fragments

Answer

Sigma fragments

Question 21

21. What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Gyrase

Answer

Helicase

Question 22

22. Region where replication starts?

Accepted Answer

Origin of replication

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Operator

Answer

Enhancer

Question 23

23. Region where RNA polymerase binds?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Enhancer

Answer

Operator

Answer

Terminator

Question 24

24. Enzyme that relaxes supercoiling?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Telomerase

Answer

Peptidase

Answer

Ligase

Question 25

25. Telomerase is what type of enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Endonuclease

Answer

DNA helicase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 26

26. mRNA processing includes what addition to 5’ end?

Accepted Answer

5’ cap

Answer

poly-A tail

Answer

Shine–Dalgarno

Answer

UTR removal

Question 27

27. mRNA processing includes what at 3’ end?

Accepted Answer

Poly-A tail

Answer

Intron addition

Answer

5' cap

Answer

Codon removal

Question 28

28. Noncoding DNA sequences removed from mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Answer

Codons

Answer

Exons

Answer

Operons

Question 29

29. Coding sequences in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Exons

Answer

Introns

Answer

Telomeres

Answer

UTRs

Question 30

30. Sequence that signals transcription stop?

Accepted Answer

Terminator

Answer

Operator

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Enhancer

Question 31

31. Structure that reads codons during translation?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Proteasome

Answer

Centrosome

Answer

Lysosome

Question 32

32. Three-letter unit of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Codon

Answer

Locus

Answer

Anticodon

Answer

Exon

Question 33

33. Complement of AUG on tRNA?

Accepted Answer

UAC

Answer

UGC

Answer

UUA

Answer

CGU

Question 34

34. Start of protein synthesis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Answer

Valine

Answer

Leucine

Answer

Formyl-methionine

Question 35

35. Prokaryotic ribosome size?

Accepted Answer

70S

Answer

40S

Answer

80S

Answer

90S

Question 36

36. Eukaryotic ribosome size?

Accepted Answer

80S

Answer

70S

Answer

50S

Answer

60S

Question 37

37. Which is a STOP codon?

Accepted Answer

UGA

Answer

UGG

Answer

AUG

Answer

AGG

Question 38

38. Enzyme performing mismatch repair?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 39

39. UV light causes which DNA lesion?

Accepted Answer

Thymine dimers

Answer

8-oxo-guanine

Answer

Cytosine methylation

Answer

Purine cleavage

Question 40

40. Enzyme repairing thymine dimers?

Accepted Answer

Photolyase

Answer

DNA Pol I

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Question 41

41. Mutation that shifts reading frame?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift

Answer

Conservative

Answer

Silent

Answer

Nonsense

Question 42

42. Which is purine?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Uracil

Answer

Thymine

Question 43

43. Which is pyrimidine?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Answer

Hypoxanthine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Question 44

44. Transcription factor binds to?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Exon

Answer

Enhancer

Answer

Terminator

Question 45

45. Site where tRNA enters ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A site

Answer

P site

Answer

E site

Answer

Exit tunnel

Question 46

46. Site where peptide bond forms?

Accepted Answer

P site

Answer

D loop

Answer

A site

Answer

E site

Question 47

47. Site where tRNA exits?

Accepted Answer

E site

Answer

H site

Answer

P site

Answer

A site

Question 48

48. Which enzyme forms peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

Peptidyl transferase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Kinase

Question 49

49. rRNA is produced where?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Cytosol

Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 50

50. DNA replication type?

Accepted Answer

Semiconservative

Answer

Dispersive

Answer

Conservative only

Answer

Distributive

Question 51

51. RNA polymerase III synthesizes?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

snRNA only

Answer

rRNA (28S)

Answer

mRNA

Question 52

52. RNA polymerase II synthesizes?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

Telomerase

Answer

rRNA

Answer

tRNA

Question 53

53. RNA polymerase I synthesizes?

Accepted Answer

rRNA

Answer

miRNA

Answer

snRNA

Answer

mRNA

Question 54

54. What is a gene?

Accepted Answer

DNA segment encoding a protein

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Random nucleotide region

Answer

Group of histones

Question 55

55. DNA between nucleosomes?

Accepted Answer

Linker DNA

Answer

Satellite DNA

Answer

Spacer DNA

Answer

Exon DNA

Question 56

56. The basic unit of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Nucleosome

Answer

Histone tail

Answer

Exon

Answer

Gene

Question 57

57. Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 58

58. Which base pairing gives 3 H-bonds?

Accepted Answer

G–C

Answer

T–G

Answer

A–T

Answer

A–U

Question 59

59. Which base pairing gives 2 H-bonds?

Accepted Answer

A–T

Answer

G–U

Answer

A–C

Answer

G–C

Question 60

60. Enzyme that adds dNTPs during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA Pol III

Answer

RNA Pol II

Answer

DNA Pol I

Answer

Telomerase

Question 61

61. Telomeres contain repeats of?

Accepted Answer

TTAGGG

Answer

ACTGCT

Answer

AATAAA

Answer

GGCGCG

Question 62

62. DNA damage by ROS forms?

Accepted Answer

8-oxo-guanine

Answer

uracil fusion

Answer

ribose bends

Answer

thymine dimers

Question 63

63. DNA glycosylase removes?

Accepted Answer

Damaged bases

Answer

Phosphate groups

Answer

Histones

Answer

Entire nucleotides

Question 64

64. Exonucleases remove?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Answer

Bases

Answer

Sugars

Answer

Amino acids

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