____________ uses energy to move solutes against their gradients.

. is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.

_________ channel used exclusively to facilitate the movement of water through the bilayer.

___________ undergo a subtle change in shape that translocate the solute binding site across the membrane. The shape change may be triggered by binding and release of the transported molecule. No net energy input required.

Since active transport moves substances against their concentration gradients it requires energy, usually in the form of ______.

__________ provide corridors that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane.

_______ is the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space. From higher concentration to lower.

the cell takes in molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane.

transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents.

In_______________________transport proteins speed the passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane.

The _______________states that the membrane is a mosaic of protein molecules bobbing in fluid bilayer of phospholipids.

______________molecules, such as hydrocarbons can dissolve in the lipid bilayer of the membrane across it easily.

solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water.

In a _______ environment, plant cells lose water; eventually, the membrane pulls away from the wall, a usually lethal effect called ________.

solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water.

A plant cell in a _______ solution swells until wall opposes uptake; the cell is now _____(very firm)

concentration is the same as inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane.

If a plant cell and its surrounding are ________, there is no net movement of water into the cell; the cell becomes _______(limp), and the plant may wilt.

Small solutes and water enter or leave the cell through the ___________ or by means of ____________.

Most of the _____ and some ______ in a membrane can shift about laterally.

Water diffuses across a membrane from the region of ______ solute concentration to the region of ______solute concentration until the solute concentration is equal on both sides.

Substances diffuse down their concentration gradient, from it is ________ concentrated to where it is _______ concentrated. No work must be down to move substances down the concentration gradient.

is the control of solute concentrations and water balance.

the diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane.

_______________ is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment.

large particles are taken into the cell. The cell membrane surrounds the particle and engulfs it.

the cell membrane invaginates, surrounds a small volume of fluid and pinches off.

The_________________ separates the living cell from its surroundings

______ molecules, such as sugars, do not cross the membrane easily.

The lateral movement of phospholipids is _____; proteins move more _____.

A cell must _______ transport of substances across cellular boundaries.

The plasma membrane exhibits _____________ allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others.

Plasma membranes are ________________, regulating the cell's molecular traffic

_______ is the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.

Some _________, however, can move solute against their concentration gradients. Lower to higher.