Question 1

Differentiate between these four states of matter by completing the categories. Click and drag each description to its correct state of matter.

Question 2

What statement BEST describes a solid?

Accepted Answer

Solids have a definite shape and definite volume.

Answer

Solids have a variable shape and definite volume.

Answer

Solids have definite shape and variable volume.

Answer

Solids have variable shape and variable volume.

Question 3

Identify the correct order of increasing intermolecular force of attraction for the three most common states of matter.

Accepted Answer

gas → liquid → solid

Answer

gas → solid → liquid

Answer

liquid → solid → gas

Answer

liquid → gas → solid

Answer

solid → gas → liquid

Answer

solid → liquid → gas

Question 4

Which of these statements best supports the conclusion that a substance is in the plasma phase?

Accepted Answer

The substance contains charged particles.

Answer

The substance is at a high temperature.

Answer

The substance has low kinetic energy.

Answer

The substance is flowing.

Question 5

What is the best conclusion for the events taking place on a molecular level in the images seen here?

Accepted Answer

Heat energy is continuously added at each step. As energy is added, the molecular motion/kinetic energy increases, and matter changes state. In the last state, plasma, enough energy has been added to cause the atoms to disassociate into ions.

Answer

Matter changes state when there is a change in temperature. In each step, the temperature decreases causing a change in state. At the last state, plasma, the temperature is so low that the atoms cannot stay together and they disassociate into ions.

Answer

At each step, the state of matter changes. At each step, the molecular motion of the atoms increases because there is a decrease in pressure. During the final step, there is so little pressure that the atoms separate into protons and electrons.

Answer

Kinetic energy decreases from left to right. The fourth state, plasma, has the most kinetic energy and the atoms disassociate.

Question 6

Plasma is a state of matter used in neon signs and plasma TVs. According to the model, what question should be asked in the formation of plasma?

Accepted Answer

At what temperature will particles move so fast that electrons are stripped from the substance?

Answer

At what temperature will a substance undergo sublimation?

Answer

How will a decrease in energy result in plasma formation?

Answer

At what energy level will the substance take the shape of its container?

Question 7

Eat at Joe's! Did you know that this neon sign is experiencing a change of state? When a neon sign lights up, like the one you see here, something is happening to the neon atoms inside the tube. How is this colorful sign related to kinetic energy and phase change?

Accepted Answer

Electrical energy accelerates the electrons in the neon gas. The gas ionizes and becomes plasma, containing both positive and negative ions.

Answer

Neon atoms accelerate once electrical energy is turned on to the tube. The faster the atoms move in the tube, the brighter the glow we see.

Answer

The electrical current in the tube generates the neon gas that glows in the dark.

Answer

Electrical energy excites the neon atoms. They spin faster in the tube producing electromagnetic waves that we see as colors.

Question 8

An experimenter notices that the state of matter of a pure substance changes from a liquid to a gas. Which question is most relevant to ask regarding this change?

Accepted Answer

How much energy was added to the substance to increase molecule motion?

Answer

What caused a change in the charge of the particles in the substance?

Answer

How much energy is required for condensation?

Answer

How did a decrease in kinetic energy of the molecules result in a phase change?

Question 9

Based on the model, which conclusion can be made?

Accepted Answer

As volume increases, pressure decreases.

Answer

Volume increases as temperature increases.

Answer

Density decreases as temperature decreases.

Answer

As volume increases, pressure increases.

Question 10

Temperature also affects the motion of atoms in a gas. Given what you know about temperature, pressure, and volume, which statement is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

As a gas is heated, the pressure decreases.

Answer

As a gas is heated, energy increases and molecules spread out.

Answer

As a gas is heated, the volume increases.

Answer

As a gas is heated, the pressure increases.

Question 11

In the model above, a volume of gas is held in a container. Over time, the container is heated by the flame at the bottom. ALL BUT ONE statement might describe what is happening inside the containers from left (V1) to right (V2).

Accepted Answer

The change in temperature causes the particles to increase in number.

Answer

An increase in particle energy causes an increase in pressure.

Answer

A decrease in kinetic energy and pressure causes a decrease in the volume of the container.

Answer

As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas also increases.

Question 12

Three balloons are inflated to the same size. The three balloons are submerged in buckets filled with ice water, tap water and water heated to 65°C. What results would you expect from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The balloon in the 65°C water would expand.

Answer

The balloon in the ice water would expand.

Answer

All the balloons would shrink.

Answer

All the balloons would expand.

Question 13

Which scenario(s) listed below demonstrate the relationship between the pressure and temperature in a gas?

Question 14

Bob plays basketball in his driveway during the summer. By accident, he left the basketball outside during the winter. He tried to bounce it, but it would not bounce because it was partially deflated. During the winter, air molecules in the basketball move _____________ than in the summer. As a result, the pressure of the basketball is ___________ in the winter.

Accepted Answer

slower, low

Answer

slower, high

Answer

faster, higher

Answer

faster, low

Question 15

How is the volume of a gas related to its concentration of particles?

Accepted Answer

As the volume of a contained gas decreases, its pressure concentration of particles will increase.

Answer

As the volume of a contained gas extends, its pressure concentration of particles will increase.

Answer

As the volume of a contained gas compresses, its pressure concentration of particles will decrease.

Answer

As the volume of a contained gas expands, its pressure concentration of particles will increase.

Question 16

Label each arrow (D, E, F, G) in Model 1 with the appropriate phase change (fusion/melting, freezing, vaporization/boiling, condensation

Question 17

A student designs an experiment using an ideal gas, as shown here. Which variable change would most likely increase the volume of the system, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

decreasing the pressure while increasing the temperature

Answer

decreasing both the pressure and the temperature

Answer

increasing the pressure while holding the temperature constant

Answer

decreasing the temperature while increasing the pressure

Question 18

A model of an ideal gas is shown here. A student designs an experiment to test the impact of increasing the pressure on the system. Which prediction is most likely to be supported by the data?

Accepted Answer

As pressure on the gas increases, the volume will increase and the temperature will decrease.

Answer

As pressure on the gas increases, the volume and temperature will both decrease.

Answer

As pressure on the gas increases, the volume and temperature will both decrease.

Answer

As pressure on the gas increases, the volume will decrease and the temperature will increase.

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