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PISA 2025
Quiz by Evelyn Grace Labasan
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​BIODIVERSITY IS THE KEY TO MANAGING ENVIRONMENT An ecosystem that retains a high biodiversity (that is, a wide variety of living things) is much more likely to adapt to human-caused environment change than is one that has little. 5 10 Consider the two food webs shown in the diagram. The arrows point from the organism that gets eaten to the one that eats it. These food webs are highly simplified compared with food webs in real ecosystems, but they still illustrate a key difference between more diverse and less diverse ecosystems. Food web B represents a situation with very low biodiversity, where at some levels the food path involves only a single type of organism. Food web A represents a more diverse ecosystem with, as a result, many more alternative feeding pathways. Generally, loss of biodiversity should be regarded seriously, not only because the organisms that have become extinct represent a big loss for both ethical and utilitarian (useful benefit) reasons, but also because the organisms that remain have become more vulnerable (exposed) to extinction in the future.
In lines 9 and 10 it is stated that “Food web A represents a more diverse ecosystem with, as a result, many more alternative feeding pathways.” Look at FOOD WEB A. Only two animals in this food web have three direct (immediate) food sources. Which two animals are they?
A Native Cat and Parasitic Wasp
B Native Cat and Butcher Bird
C Parasitic Wasp and Leaf Hopper
D Parasitic Wasp and Spider
E Native Cat and Honeyeater
C Parasitic Wasp and Leaf Hopper
D Parasitic Wasp and Spider
A Native Cat and Parasitic Wasp
B Native Cat and Butcher Bird
BIODIVERSITY IS THE KEY TO MANAGING ENVIRONMENT An ecosystem that retains a high biodiversity (that is, a wide variety of living things) is much more likely to adapt to human-caused environment change than is one that has little. 5 10 Consider the two food webs shown in the diagram. The arrows point from the organism that gets eaten to the one that eats it. These food webs are highly simplified compared with food webs in real ecosystems, but they still illustrate a key difference between more diverse and less diverse ecosystems. Food web B represents a situation with very low biodiversity, where at some levels the food path involves only a single type of organism. Food web A represents a more diverse ecosystem with, as a result, many more alternative feeding pathways. Generally, loss of biodiversity should be regarded seriously, not only because the organisms that have become extinct represent a big loss for both ethical and utilitarian (useful benefit) reasons, but also because the organisms that remain have become more vulnerable (exposed) to extinction in the future.
In lines 9 and 10 it is stated that “Food web A represents a more diverse ecosystem with, as a result, many more alternative feeding pathways.” Look at FOOD WEB A. Only two animals in this food web have three direct (immediate) food sources. Which two animals are they?
A Native Cat and Parasitic Wasp
B Native Cat and Butcher Bird
C Parasitic Wasp and Leaf Hopper
D Parasitic Wasp and Spider
E Native Cat and Honeyeater
Food webs A and B are in different locations. Imagine if Leaf Hoppers died out in both locations. Which one of these is the best prediction and explanation for the effect this would have on the food webs?
A The effect would be greater in food web A because the Parasitic Wasp has only one food source in web A.
B The effect would be greater in food web A because the Parasitic Wasp has several food sources in web A.
C The effect would be greater in food web B because the Parasitic Wasp has only one food source in web B.
D The effect would be greater in food web B because the Parasitic Wasp has several food sources in web B.
A bus is driving along a straight stretch of road. The bus driver, named Ray, has a cup of water resting on the dashboard: 1 2 water driving direction Suddenly Ray has to slam on the brakes. What is most likely to happen to the water in the cup?
A The water will stay horizontal.
B The water will spill over side 1.
C The water will spill over side 2.
D The water will spill but you cannot tell if it will spill at side 1 or side 2.
Ray’s bus is, like most buses, powered by a petrol engine. These buses contribute to environmental pollution. Some cities have trolley buses: they are powered by an electric engine. The voltage needed for such an electric engine is provided by overhead lines (like electric trains). The electricity is supplied by a power station using fossil fuels. Supporters for the use of trolley buses in a city say that these buses don’t contribute to environmental pollution. Are these supporters right? Explain your answer. .................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................
Many diseases may be cured by using antibiotics. However, the success of some antibiotics against puerperal fever has diminished in recent years. What is the reason for this?
A Once produced, antibiotics gradually lose their activity.
B Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.
C These antibiotics only help against puerperal fever, but not against other diseases.
D The need for these antibiotics has been reduced because public health conditions have improved considerably in recent years.