PISA MOCK SESSION - TEST 2

"The Effects of Rising Ocean Temperatures on Marine Life"

Rising ocean temperatures, caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, are disrupting marine ecosystems. Coral reefs, often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea," are particularly vulnerable. Warmer waters cause coral bleaching, a process in which corals expel the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that provide them with energy. Without these algae, corals lose their vibrant colors and may eventually die. This affects fish species that depend on reefs for shelter and food. Moreover, rising temperatures also influence fish migration patterns, with many species moving toward cooler waters, potentially causing conflicts over fishing rights in different regions.

What is the main cause of coral bleaching, as described in the article?

Based on the article, which of the following actions would be most effective in protecting coral reefs?

The Impact of Deforestation on Global Climate Patterns

Deforestation is the large-scale removal of trees, often to make way for agricultural activities, urban development, or logging. Forests play a vital role in absorbing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. When forests are cleared, the carbon stored in trees is released into the atmosphere, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the loss of tree cover reduces the Earth’s ability to regulate temperature, exacerbating the effects of climate change.

Deforestation also disrupts local ecosystems. It leads to habitat loss for countless species, increases soil erosion, and alters rainfall patterns. For example, the Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth," has experienced significant deforestation in recent decades. Scientists warn that continued deforestation could turn the Amazon into a savanna-like ecosystem, which would further reduce its capacity to store carbon and regulate global climate.

Whatis one direct consequence of deforestation on the global climate?

The article states that the Amazon could become a savanna-like ecosystem if deforestation continues. How might this change affect the planet's ability to regulate climate?

A family switches to energy-efficient LED bulbs in their home. Over a year, this reduces their electricity use by 500 kWh. If the local electricity grid emits 0.5 kg of CO₂ per kWh, how much CO₂ have they saved?

APPLES 

Suppose the farmer wants to make a much larger orchard with many rows of trees. 

As the farmer makes the orchard bigger, which will increase more quickly: the number of apple trees  or the number of conifer trees?