Question 1

Locke

Accepted Answer

had a positive view of humans, all people have natural rights and it's the job of government to protect these, government's power comes from people

Question 2

Rousseau

Accepted Answer

thought direct-democracy was best, it's the free will of individuals to establish their government

Question 3

Montesquieu

Accepted Answer

advocated separation of power would prevent one person from gaining too much power

Question 4

divine right

Accepted Answer

The King rules by God's will

Question 5

absolute monarchy

Accepted Answer

The king has power over everyone

Question 6

Hobbes

Accepted Answer

believed that people are naturally evil and selfish, an absolute monarchy is necessary to keep society under control, people give up power for law and order (social contract theory)

Question 7

natural rights

Accepted Answer

people are born with certain rights, life, liberty, and property that no government can take from you

Question 8

Enlightenment

Accepted Answer

intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

Question 9

social contract

Accepted Answer

people give up certain powers to get law and order in return

Question 10

Mademoiselle Lespinasse

Accepted Answer

Host of a popular Salon, Wrote "Letters", published after her death in the 1800s

Question 11

Madame Geoffrin

Accepted Answer

The most famous host of the Salons from 1750-1775; influential in the movement that led to the French Revolution

Question 12

Separation of Powers

Accepted Answer

Political idea that many branches of government should share power

Question 13

Life, Liberty, Property

Accepted Answer

Natural Rights

Question 14

Diderot

Accepted Answer

Author of the multi volume "Encyclopedia"

Question 15

Adam Smith

Accepted Answer

Father of Classical laissez faire capitalist Economics

Question 16

Supply and Demand

Accepted Answer

The laws of Laissez Faire Capitalism

Question 17

Immanuel Kant

Accepted Answer

German who believed that reason is the basis of all morality

Question 18

Voltaire

Accepted Answer

Believed in the separation of church and state and freedom of expression

Question 19

Mary Wollstonecraft

Accepted Answer

Argued with Rousseau that women, too, should receive universal education. Wrote Vindication of the Rights of women

Question 20

Marquis de Condorçet

Accepted Answer

Believed that slavery was immoral and unjust and believed in equal rights for women and people of all races.

Question 21

Louis XIV

Accepted Answer

French king who solidified political, economic and military power in the late 17th century; built Versailles; said "L'etat, c'est moi" (I am the state).

Question 22

Louis XV

Accepted Answer

Ineffective ruler of France during the height of the Enlightenment; he said "Apres moi, le deluge." (After me, the destructive flood.)

Question 23

Frederick the Great

Accepted Answer

Enlightened Despot of Prussia who was religiously tolerant of all, and who modernized the military and law codes of Prussia

Question 24

Joseph II

Accepted Answer

Austrian Enlightened Despot who was religiously tolerant and reformed the law codes of Austria

Question 25

Catherine the Great

Accepted Answer

Enlightened Despot of Russia who was a friend of Voltaire, created the first state funded school for women in Europe, and was leader during Russia's Golden Age of Enlightenment

Question 26

Aristotle

Accepted Answer

Greek philosopher who came up with the geocentric theory

Question 27

Geocentric theory

Accepted Answer

earth-centered view of the universe: all planets, the moon and the sun moved in perfect circles around the earth

Question 28

Ptolemy

Accepted Answer

Greek philosopher who supported and expanded the geocentric theory

Question 29

Scientific Revolution

Accepted Answer

Changes in the way of thinking about the natural world based upon careful observation and willingness to question accepted beliefs

Question 30

Heliocentric Theory

Accepted Answer

Sun-centered theory of the universe

Question 31

Nicolaus Copernicus

Accepted Answer

Polish cleric and astronomer who studied planetary movements for 25 years and reasoned that the heliocentric theory was correct

Question 32

Johannes Kepler

Accepted Answer

Mathematician who concluded mathematical laws govern planetary motion, and showed planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits

Question 33

Galileo Galilei

Accepted Answer

Italian scientist who used a telescope to study the sky. He saw that Jupiter had moons, the sun had dark spots, and the moon was not smooth. He published his findings in Starry Messenger

Question 34

Scientific Method

Accepted Answer

Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.

Question 35

Francis Bacon

Accepted Answer

English writer who believed practical knowledge would improve people's lives. He urged scientists to use experimentation. Preferred inductive reasoning & using the scientific method.

Question 36

Rene Descartes

Accepted Answer

French mathematician who connected algebra with geometry, he relied on mathematics to gain knowledge (deductive reasoning) "I think, therefore I am"

Question 37

Isaac Newton

Accepted Answer

English scientist who studied mathematics and physics. Discovered the laws of motion and explained gravity

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