The technical application of biological knowledge for human purposes.

Field of applied science that explores applications of cutting, splicing, and creating DNA

The planned alteration of the genetic makeup of an organism by modifying, inserting, or deleting genes or groups of genes.

A short double-stranded piece of DNA used to initiate DNA synthesis during DNA sequencing.

Enzyme that links separate nucleotides together as a new strand of DNA is formed.

A technique for separating fragments of DNA or protein according to size.

An enzyme found in bacteria that can be used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences called restriction sites.

A sequence of letters or words that reads the same backward and forward, such as the word, "racecar".

A class of enzymes that join fragments of DNA together.

A small circular molecule of DNA found in the cytoplasm of some bacteria; used in recombinant DNA technology.

A technique for making multiple identical copies of DNA in a test tube.

A technique for identifying the source of a fragment of DNA after it has been sufficiently copied (cloned) by PCR.

A printout of the pattern of the DNA fragments on the gel; also called an electropherogram.

A living organism that has had foreign genes inserted into it; sometimes created to produce substances useful to humans, including human proteins.

Technique in which defective genes are repaired or replaced with their normal counterparts.